The Elizabethan Secret Services

Alan Haynes

• Publisher: The History Press
• Year: 2011
• Print ISBN: 9780752450469
• eBook ISBN: 9780752473208
• Topic: History
• Subtopic: World History
• Index: History

The England of Elizabeth was a nation under threat, both from factions within and great powers without. Opposition to the Protestant establishment meant that the queen and her court constantly believe themselves menaces by subterfuge and plots. In this fragile climate, spies and spy networks were of cardinal importance. This is an unrivalled and impeccably detailed account of the 'secret services' operated by the great men of Elizabethan England. By stealthy efforts at home and abroad the Elizabethan spy clusters became forces to be feared. Kidnapping, surveillance, conspiracy, counter-espionage, theft and lying were just a few of the methods employed to defeat the ever-present threat of regicide. This book challenges many stale notions about espionage in Renaissance England and presents complex material in an absorbing way, so that the reign of Elizabeth I is shown in a compellingly new and bold light.

Notes

Preface

1. M. Foucault, Discipline and Punish (1977), pp. 50–3

Introduction

1. B. Coward, ‘The Stanleys’, CS, 3rd series, xxx (1983), pp. 144–5

2. C. Breight, ‘The Tempest and the Discourse of Treason’, SQ, 41, 1 (1990), p. 18

3. Ibid., p. 4

4. A. Haynes, ‘The Elizabethan Earthquake, 1580’, HT, xxix, 8 (1979), pp. 542–4

5. Breight, op.cit., pp. 17–18

6. A.L. Rowse, Court and Country: Studies in Tudor Social History (1987), p. 217

7. L.B. Smith, Treason in Tudor England: Politics and Paranoia (1986), pp. 249–55

8. J. Bossy, Giordano Bruno and the Embassy Affair (1991), p. 19

9. G.D. Ramsay, The Queen’s Merchants and the Revolt of the Netherlands (Pt II) (1986), p. 157

10. Ibid., p. 156

11. A.G. Smith, William Cecil (1934), p. 142

12. Ibid., p. 144

13. Ibid., p. 146

Chapter 1

1. R. Pollitt, ‘The Abduction of Dr John Story and the Evolution of the Elizabethan Intelligence Operations’, SCJ, xiv, 2 (1983), p. 131

2. Ramsay, op.cit., p. 160

3. D. Mathew, The Celtic Peoples and Renaissance Europe (1933), p. 316

4. Pollitt, op.cit., p. 144

5. Ibid., p. 147

6. Ibid., p. 150

7. Bossy, op.cit., p. 26

8. Smith, op.cit., p. 158

9. Ibid., p. 160

Chapter 2

1. Ramsay, op.cit., p. 161

2. M.R. Thorp, ‘Catholic Conspiracy in Early Elizabethan Foreign Policy’, SCJ, xv, 4 (1984), p. 431. Also E. Hildebrandt, ‘Christopher Mont’, SCJ, xv, 3 (1984)

3. P. Williams, The Tudor Regime (1979), p. 278

4. J. Morris (ed.), The Letter-books of Sir Amias Paulet (1874), xxi

5. J.A. Housden, ‘The Merchant Stranger’s Post in the Sixteenth Century’, EHR, xxi (1906), pp. 739–42

6. P. Way, Codes and Ciphers (1977), p. 14

Chapter 3

1. M.G. Richings, Espionage (1934), p. 134

2. Ibid., p. 137

3. M. Burns, The Debatable Land (1970), p. 203

4. Bossy, op.cit., pp. 20–1

5. Ibid. p. 20

6. K.T. Butler, ‘Some Further Information about Rocco Bonetti’, N&Q, 195, 5 (1950), pp. 96–7

7. D. Cressy, ‘Binding the Nation: the Bonds of Association 1584 and 1696’, p. 217: in D.J. Guth and J.W. McKenna (eds), Tudor Rule and Revolution (Essays for G.R. Elton) (1982)

8. Breight, op.cit., pp. 4–5

Chapter 4

1. T.G. Law, The Archpriest Controversy (1896), vii

2. Ibid., viii

3. M. Hodgetts, ‘Elizabethan Recusancy in Worcestershire’, TWAS, 3rd series, I (1965–7), p. 71

4. C.T. Wright, ‘Young Anthony Mundy Again’, SP, 56, p. 153

5. Law, op.cit., ix

6. Bossy, op.cit., p. 92. Also L. Hicks, ‘An Elizabethan Propagandist: the Career of Solomon Aldred’, The Month, clxxxi (1945), pp. 181–90

7. L.L. Peck, Northampton: Patronage and Policy at the Court of James I (1982), pp. 6–13

8. C. Read, Mr Secretary Walsingham and the Policy of Queen Elizabeth, 3 vols, II (1925), p. 331

9. Ibid., p. 334

10. L. Stone, An Elizabethan: Sir Horatio Palavicino (1956), p. 240

Chapter 5

1. E. St John Brooks, Sir Christopher Hatton (1946), pp. 260–3

2. W.R. Scott, Joint Stock Companies to 1720, vol. III, pp. 503–4

3. Read, op.cit., pp. 370–1

4. CSPF, vol. II (1590–1), 647, p. 373

5. J. H. Langbein, Torture and the Law of Proof (1977), p. 90. Also L. Parry, The History of Torture in England (1933), p. 36

6. Langbein, op.cit., pp. 82–3

7. Ibid., p. 84

8. R.C. Bald (ed.), An Humble Supplication . . . by Robert Southwell, (1953), xii

9. W. Ingram, A London Life in the Brazen Age, Francis Langley 1548–1602 (1978), pp. 178–84

Chapter 6

1. De L. Jensen, Diplomacy and Dogmatism; Bernardino de Mendoza and the French Catholic League (1964), p. 83

2. A.J. Perrett, ‘The Blounts of Kidderminster’, TWAS, xix (1942)

3. C. Devlin, The Life of Robert Southwell: Poet and Martyr (1956), pp. 94–5

4. A.G. Smith, The Babington Plot (1936), p. 95

5. Ibid., p. 107

6. Ibid., p. 110

7. Brooks, op.cit., p. 276

8. C.B. Kuriyama, ‘Marlowe’s Nemesis: The Identity of Richard Baines’, p. 347: in K. Friedenreich, R. Gill and C.B. Kuriyama (eds), A Poet and a Filthy Playm...

Table of contents

• Cover
• Title
• Copyright
• Contents
• Preface
• Acknowledgements
• Introduction
• One: Abduction and Execution
• Two: Home and Abroad
• Three: An Enigma and Secrets
• Four: ‘Men must dissemble’
• Five: Mayhem and Money
• Six: Agents and Conspirators
• Seven: Babington Baited
• Eight: Babington Snared
• Nine: More Spanish Practices
• Ten: Death of a Spy
• Eleven: The Mild Intelligencer
• Twelve: The Lopez Conspiracy
• Thirteen: A Semi-Official Secret Service
• Fourteen: ‘Secret Spialls’
• Fifteen: Spy Master v. Counter-Spy
• Sixteen: Routine and Rebellion
• Afterword
• Abbreviations
• Bibliography
• Notes