Contents
Editor
Contributors
SECTION I Body Composition Assessment
Chapter 1 Body Composition in Perspective
Henry C. Lukaski
Chapter 2 Assessment of Human Body Composition Methods and Limitations
Hannes Gatterer, Kai Schenk, and Martin Burtscher
Chapter 3 Assessment of Muscle Mass
Donald R. Dengel, Christiana J. Raymond, and Tyler A. Bosch
Chapter 4 Hydrometry, Hydration Status, and Performance
Ronald J. Maughan and Susan M. Shirreffs
SECTION II Physical Activity and Body Composition
Chapter 5 Physical Activity, Growth, and Maturation of Youth
Robert M. Malina and Manuel J. Coelho e Silva
Chapter 6 Anthropometry in Physical Performance and Health
Arthur Stewart and Tim Ackland
Chapter 7 Exercise and Adipose Tissue Redistribution in Overweight and Obese Adults
Brittany P. Hammond, Andrea M. Brennan, and Robert Ross
Chapter 8 Changes in Body Composition with Exercise in Overweight and Obese Children
Scott Going, Joshua Farr, and Jennifer Bea
SECTION III Body Composition in Sports and Occupations
Chapter 9 Body Composition Changes with Training Methodological Implications
Luis B. Sardinha and Diana A. Santos
Chapter 10 Endurance Athletes
Jordan R. Moon and Kristina L. Kendall
Chapter 11 Strength and Speed/Power Athletes
David H. Fukuda, Jay R. Hoffman, and Jeffrey R. Stout
Chapter 12 Weight-Sensitive Sports
Analiza M. Silva, Diana A. Santos, and Catarina N. Matias
Chapter 13 Mathematical Modeling of Anthropometrically Based Body Fat for Military Health and Performance Applications
Col. Karl E. Friedl
Chapter 14 Body Composition and Public Safety The Industrial Athlete
Paul O. Davis and Mark G. Abel
SECTION IV Moderating Factors
Chapter 15 Dietary Protein and Physical Training Effects on Body Composition and Performance
Michaela C. Devries, Sara Y. Oikawa, and Stuart M. Phillips
Chapter 16 Influence of Dietary Supplements on Body Composition
Col. Karl E. Friedl
Chapter 17 Diet and Exercise Approaches for Reversal of Exercise-Associated Menstrual Dysfunction
Lynn Cialdella-Kam and Melinda M. Manore
Index
Editor
Henry C. Lukaski, PhD, is an adjunct professor in the Department of Kinesiology and Public Health Education, University of North Dakota. He earned his undergraduate education at the University of Michigan and Eastern Michigan University, and earned his master of science and doctoral degrees in physiology with a minor in nutrition from The Pennsylvania State University where he was a National Institutes of Health (NIH) pre-doctoral trainee in human biology and a research collaborator at Brookhaven National Laboratory. He was a postdoctoral research associate at the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center then served as supervisory research physiologist, research leader, and assistant center director. He is and has been a member of numerous editorial boards of peer-reviewed scientific journals in the fields of human nutrition, exercise science, sports nutrition, and applied physiology, has served as a member of NIH, Department of Defense, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, U.S. Public Health Service program and grant review boards and advisor to the Food and Drug Administration, Institute of Medicine (Food and Nutrition Board Military Nutrition Committee), World Health Organization, Pan American Health Organization, National Collegiate Athletic Association, U.S. and International Olympic Medical Committees, international scientific organizations, sports nutrition community, and the biomedical industry. He has authored more than 145 peer-reviewed research publications, 45 book chapters, 160 abstracts and short communications, coedited special issues of professional publications on body composition and sports nutrition, and made more than 240 invited presentations in the United States, Europe, and Central and South America. He is an international authority in the field of interactions among diet and physical activity on body structure, function, and health, and is recognized internationally as a leader in development and validation of methods for the assessment of human body composition. Dr. Lukaski was elected to Fellowship in the American College of Sports Medicine, Human Biology Council, and the Society of Nutrition for Latin America.
Contributors
Mark G. Abel
Department of Kinesiology and Health Promotion
University of Kentucky
Lexington, Kentucky
Tim Ackland
School of Sport Science
Exercise & Health, University of Western Australia
Perth, Australia
Jennifer Bea
Department of Medicine & Nutritional Sciences
The University of Arizona
Tucson, Arizona
Tyler A. Bosch
Educational Technology Innovations
College of Education and Human Development
University of Minnesota
Minneapolis, Minnesota
Andrea M. Brennan
School of Kinesiology and Health Studies
Queen’s University
Kingston, Ontario, Canada
and
School of Physical Education
University of Guelph
Guelph, Ontario, Canada
Martin Burtscher
Department of Sport Science
University of Innsbruck
Innsbruck, Austria
Lynn Cialdella-Kam
Department of Nutrition
School of Medicine
Case Western Reserve University
Cleveland, Ohio
Manuel J. Coelho e Silva
Faculty of Sport Science and Physical Education
University of Coimbra
Coimbra Portugal
Paul O. Davis
First Responder Institute
Washington, DC
and
Emergency Responders, Inc.
Silver Spring, Maryland
Donald R. Dengel
School of Kinesiology
University of Minnesota
Minneapolis, Minnesota
and
Department of Pediatrics
University of Minnesota Medical School
Minneapolis, Minnesota
Michaela C. Devries
Department of Kinesiology
University of Waterloo
Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
Joshua Farr
Division of Endocrinology
Mayo Clinic
College of Medicine
Rochester, Minnesota
Col. Karl E. Friedl
U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine
Natick, Massachusetts
David H. Fukuda
Sport and Exercise Science
Institute of Exercise Physiology and Wellness
University of Central Florida
Orlando, Florida
Hannes Gatterer
Department of Sport Science
University of Innsbruck Innsbruck
Austria
Scott Going
Department of Nutritional Sciences
The University of Arizona
Tucson, Arizona
Brittany P. Hammond
School of Kinesiology and Health Studies
Queen’s University
Kingston, Ontario, Canada
and
School of Physical Education
University of Guelph
Guelph, Ontario, Canada
Jay R. Hoffman
Sport and Exercise Science
Institute of Exercise Physiology and Wellness
University of Central Florida
Orlando, Florida
Kristina L. Kendall
Department of Digital Publishing
Bodybuilding.com
Boise, Idaho
Henry C. Lukaski
Department of Kinesiology and Public Health Education
University of North Dakota
Grand Forks, North Dakota
Robert M. Malina
Department of Kinesiology and Health Education
University of Texas at Austin
Austin, Texas
and
School of Public Health and Information Sciences
University of Louisville
Louisville, Kentucky
and
Department of Kinesiology
Tarleton State University
Stephenville, Texas
Melinda M. Manore
Nutrition and Exercise Sciences
School of Biological and Population Sciences
Oregon State University
Corvallis, Oregon
Catarina N. Matias
Exercise and Health Laboratory
CIPER, Faculty of Human Kinetics
University of Lisbon
Lisbon, Portugal
Ronald J. Maughan
School of Medicine
University of St Andrews
Fife, United Kingdom
Jordan R. Moon
Clinical Department
ImpediMed, Inc.
Carlsbad, California
Sara Y. Oikawa
Department of Kinesiology
McMaster University
Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
Stuart M. Phillips
Department of Kinesiology
McMaster University
Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
Christiana J. Raymond
School of Kinesiology
University of Minnesota
Minneapolis, Minnesota
Robert Ross
School of Kinesiology and Health Studies
and
School of Medicine
Queen’s University
Kingston, Ontario, Canada
and
School of Physical Education
University of Guelph
Guelph, Ontario, Canada
Diana A. Santos
Exercise and Health Laboratory, CIPER
Faculty of Human Kinetics
University of Lisbon
Lisbon, Portugal
Luis B. Sardinha
Exercise and Health Laboratory, CIPER
Faculty of Human Kinetics
University of Lisbon
Lisbon, Portugal
Kai Schenk
Department of Sport Science
University of Innsbruck
Innsbruck, Austria
Susan M. Shirreffs
School of Medicine
University of St Andrews
Fife, United Kingdom
Analiza M. Silva
Exercise and Health Laboratory, CIPER
Faculty of Human Kinetics
University of Lisbon
Lisbon, Portugal
Arthur Stewart
School of Health Sciences
Centre for Obesity Research & Epidemiology
Robert Gordon University
Aberdeen, United Kingdom
Jeffrey R. Stout
Sport and Exercise Science
Institute of Exercise Physiology and Wellness
University of Central Florida
Orlando, Florida
Section I
Body Composition Assessment
1 Body Composition in Perspective
Henry C. Lukaski
CONTENTS
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Body Composition of Athletes
1.3 Body Structure and Function
1.3.1 Body Fat
1.3.2 Fat-Free Mass
1.4 Body Composition, Performance, and Health
1.4.1 Public Safety Employment
1.4.2 Extreme Leanness
1.4.3 Hydration
1.4.4 Injury Risk
1.4.5 Health Risk
1.5 Empirical Model of Body Com...