Game Audio Implementation

A Practical Guide Using the Unreal Engine

Richard Stevens

• Publisher: Routledge
• Year: 2015
• ISBN:
  9781317679455
• Edition: 1
• Topic: Informatica
• Subtopic: Programmazione di giochi

Game Audio Implementation offers a unique practical approach to learning all about game audio. If you've always wanted to hear your sound or music in a real game then this is the book for you. Each chapter is accompanied by its own game level where you can see the techniques and theories in action before working through over 70 exercises to develop your own demo level. Taking you all the way from first principles to complex interactive systems in the industry standard Unreal Engine© you'll gain the skills to implement your sound and music along with a deep transferable knowledge of the principles you can apply across a range of other game development tools.

The accompanying website (www.gameaudioimplementation.com) includes:

• 12 downloadable demonstration games
• A unique exercise level for you to develop for your portfolio
• An up-to-date online bibliography with further reading for each chapter
• A free sound library with hundreds of game SFX

07
Making It Real

Summary: Nested reverbs and prioritization, distance falloff algorithms, occlusion effects, moving sounds and sounds for moving systems, physics-based audio, sound for animations, cameras and the listener position

Project: DemoCh07Warfare01 Level: Warfare01

Introduction

Many game environments are imitations or at least hyperreal versions of environments that might be found in the real world. Therefore a player will have pretty clear expectations of what they might sound like, having experienced them in some form before. Even if the game is set in a fantasy world, we will still have expectations about the way sound will behave that have been developed through our lifetime of experience in the physical world. Although we shouldn’t necessarily always focus on realism (see Chapter 08), the soundscape needs to be consistent and believable in order to support the verisimilitude (the appearance or semblance of truth or reality) of the experience.

You can skip between areas of the level in game by using the keys 1–9.

Sound Propagation

Summary: Nested Reverbs, spatialization, revealing detail over distance, ambient zones for occlusion, obstruction and exclusion

The way sound travels through air (and other substances) and reflects around an environment is generally approximated and fudged in various ways for games. This is in part due to the unrealistic dimensions in game worlds, but mostly due to the massive resources it would take to calculate it accurately in real time.

Reverb: Advanced

We looked briefly at adding {Reverb Effects} to areas of the game through the [Audio Volumes] in Chapter 01, but we will now return to look at a few more advanced techniques.

Sound emanates from a source and travels through matter in waves. Your ears either receive the sound directly (dry) or indirectly (wet) after it has bounced off the various materials it comes into contact with. We refer to this as reverb (short for reverberation). Typically you’d receive both these types of sound, and this gives you important audio-based information about the environment you are in. Non-technical people might sometimes use the word echo to describe this effect, but unlike an echo, which is a distinct separate version of the sound being reflected, reverberation is a much more dense collection of reflections.

You can create and edit your own reverb effects in the

Content Browser. If there don’t happen to be any preset {Reverb Effects} in your game already, you can change the View Options (bottom right) of the

Content Browser to Show Engine Content and see some in the engine content folder you can use (enabling this will also allow you to choose these {Reverb Effects} from the drop down menu of the [Audio Volume]). Double-click the {Reverb Effect} to open the

Generic Asset Editor and see the pop-up tips for an explanation of each parameter.

Constructing a reverb that sounds good is a hugely complex task in itself. Trying to model the way sound would actually reflect around a specific space in a game would require a significant amount of computing power, so in most games we usually use these kinds of precalculated reverb effects to apply to sounds in a given area.

As you’ll remember from Chapter 01, reverb is controlled using [AudioVolume]s in the game level (you can also apply reverb as an effect via the <Activate Reverb Effect> node in the [Level Blueprint]). With these you can set the reverb effect, the volume of the reverb effect, and the amount of time it takes to be applied once the player enters the [AudioVolume]. This fade time is important since a sudden change between the reverb of two rooms can sound unnatural and jarring.

Nested Reverbs and Prioritization

When you start the level you are in the *Sewer Pipe* (Bookmark 1), which leads into a basement room in a bank. From here you can make your way up across the debris into the bank lobby.

The sewer pipe and basement room are straightforward [AudioVolume] s, but the lobby and back room in the lobby are more problematic. We could make a series of volumes, but the main L-shape of the lobby is clearly the same space, and the crossover of the [AudioVolume]s could lead to some audio artifacts.

Sometimes it is useful to enter geometry edit mode (Shift + 5, and then Shift + 1 to return to place mode) to see the [AudioVolume]s more clearly, and we can use this mode to edit the shape of the volumes to better suit the environment (hold shift while selecting a corner of the volume to move it). You can also choose different brush shapes as starting point...