Financial Management and Accounting in the Public Sector
Gary Bandy
- 382 pages
- English
- ePUB (mobile friendly)
- Available on iOS & Android
Financial Management and Accounting in the Public Sector
Gary Bandy
About This Book
The impact of the global financial crisis on government funds has been significant, with squeezed budgets having to satisfy ever-increasing demands for public services. Managers working in the public sector are confronted daily with targets and demands that are often set in confusing accounting and financial language. In Financial Management and Accounting in the Public Sector, Gary Bandy employs a clear and concise narrative to introduce the core concepts of accounting and financial management in the public sector and how to deliver services that represent value for money.
This second edition has been revised and updated throughout, offering:
- an increased focus on post-crisis austerity
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- more international examples of public financial management
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- greater coverage of governance, accountability and risk management
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With a glossary of terms to help managers understand and be understood by accountants, as well as learning objectives, case studies and discussion questions, this practical textbook will help students of public management and administration to understand the financial and accounting aspects of managing public services.
Frequently asked questions
Chapter 1 The context of managing public money
Learning Objectives
- To be aware of the differences between the private and public sectors.
- To know something of the history of public financial management, including the financial management aspects of the new public management paradigm.
- To introduce the concept of public value.
- To understand the scope of public financial management and be familiar with the basic concepts of public sector accounting.
Key Points
- The public sector is a large proportion of national economies (although it varies from less than 10 per cent in some countries to more than 40 per cent in others).
- The management of public money is different from financial management in the private sector.
- Public expectations about the proper use of public money are very high.
- Financial management is a critical skill for public managers and it is as much an art as a science.
Key Terms
- Accrual accounting â the system of accounting where transactions are recognized in the accounting period where the transaction occurred, regardless of when the relevant payments or receipts are made or received.
- Capital expenditure â expenditure on the purchase, construction, development or enhancement of assets (such as buildings, roads, bridges and computer systems) that will be of long-term benefit to the organization.
- Merit goods â commodities (goods and services) that are valued by the public but excludable (such as education) and which governments decide to provide because the market would under-provide them.
- Public goods â commodities (goods and services) which markets would fail to provide and which are non-rivalrous (the use by one person does not restrict the use by others) and non-excludable.
- Public value theory â the theory put forward by Mark Moore (1995) that public managers seek to create public value just as managers in the private sector seek to create shareholder value.
- Revenue/operating expenditure â expenditure that is not capital expenditure.
High quality financial management is key to ensuring that the Government meets its spending plans and spends taxpayers' money as efficiently and effectively as possible within them.(HM Treasury, 2013: 5)
Financial performance is [âŠ] the means to an end rather than an end itself.(Moore, 2003: 15)
Introduction
- to understand the principles of how public bodies (from small charities to national governments) manage their finances;
- to pick up skills and knowledge to manage public money;
- to develop their thinking about public financial management in the future.
Structure of this book
- their objective is to provide goods and services to various recipients or to develop or implement policy on behalf of governments and not to make a profit;
- they are always characterized by the absence of defined ownership interests that can be sold, transferred or redeemed;
- they typically have a wide group of stakeholders to consider (including the public at large);
- their revenues are generally derived from taxes or other similar contributions obtained through the exercise of coercive powers;
- and their capital assets are typically acquired and held to deliver services without the intention of earning a return to them.
What is public money?
[Non-profit organizations] have to be able to sustain themselves financially and to do that they may have to compete to some degree with other non-profit firms. But their ultimate goal is not to capture and seize value for themselves, but to give away their capabilities to achieve the largest impact on social conditions that they can.(Moore, 2003)