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Intensive Intermediate Latin
A Grammar and Workbook
Jean-Francois Mondon
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eBook - ePub
Intensive Intermediate Latin
A Grammar and Workbook
Jean-Francois Mondon
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About This Book
Intensive Intermediate Latin: A Grammar and Workbook comprises an accessible grammar and related exercises in a single volume. It outlines every major grammatical point usually taught in an intermediate college Latin course, as well as other grammatical topics which may be introduced in the first semester of reading prose or poetry.
Features include:
- Careful management and repetition of vocabulary used to encourage sole focus on the grammar
- A variety of exercises to enable students to recognize and isolate the grammatical structures in English, helping them to translate into Latin with greater ease
- Frequent Latin to English and full English to Latin translations
- Exercises requiring students to modify aspects of Latin sentences in order to enable improved grammar acquisition
Written by an experienced instructor, Intensive Intermadiate Latin: A Grammar and Workbook is an ideal resource for students who want to build on their foundations of Latin. The title can be used as a textbook, grammar reference and practice resource for students and independent learners with some knowledge of the language.
Intensive Intermediate Latin, with its sister volume Basic Latin, forms a compendium of essentials of Latin grammar.
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UNIT 1
Deponent verbs
Background
Recall that Latin verbs have two voices: the active and passive. In the former voice the subject of the sentence is identical to the agent of the action expressed in the verb.
The mailman walks down the street often.
[active, because the subject is doing the walking]
We saw the dog chasing the cat.
[active, because the subject did the seeing]
In the passive voice the subject does not correspond to the agent of the verbal action. Rather, the subject is the entity affected by the action expressed in the verb.
The street is newly paved every summer.
[passive, because the subject is not doing the paving]
The cat was seen by us.
[passive, because the subject did not do the seeing]
Latin structure
There is a large class of verbs in Latin which only take passive forms. Surprisingly and uniquely, however, these verbs are not translated as passive, but rather, as active. That is, they are passive in form but active in meaning. Such deponent verbs exist in all four conjugations.
• Deponent verbs have only 3 principal parts.
○ The first principal part is the 1st person sg. present.
○ The second principal part is the present infinitive.
□ mīrārī to admire, pollicērī to promise, sequī to follow, patī to suffer, orīrī to rise
○ The third principal part is the 1st person sg. masculine perfect.
• They take all the normal passive endings. Mīror can serve as an example:
○ The perfect forms below may also be translated as I have admired, you have admired, s/he ~ it has admired, etc.
Present | Imperfect | Future |
mīror I admire | mīrābar I was admiring | mīrābor I will admire |
mīrāris you admire | mīrābāris you were admiring | mīrāberis you will admire |
mīrātur s/he, it admires | mīrābātur s/he, it was admiring | mīrābitur s/he, it will admire |
mīrāmur we admire | mīrābāmur we were admiring | mīrābimur we will admire |
mīrāminī you admire | mīrābāminī you were admiring | mīrābiminī you will admire |
mīrantur they admire | mīrābantur they were admiring | mīrabuntur they will admire |
Perfect | Pluperfect |
mīrātus (-a, -um) sum I admired | mīrātus (-a, -um) eram I had admired |
mīrātus (-a, -um) es you admired | mīrātus (-a, -um) erās you had admired |
mīrātus (-a, -um) est s/he, it admired | mīrātus (-a, -um) erat s/he, it had admired |
mīrātī (-ae, -a) sumus we admired | mīrātī (-ae, -a) erāmus we had admired |
mīrātī (-ae, -a) estis you admired | mīrātī (-ae, -a) erātis you had admired |
mīrātī (-ae, -a) sunt they admired | mīrātī (-ae, -a) erant they had admired |
Future perfect |
mīrātus (-a, -um) erō I will have admired |
mīrātus (-a, -um) eris you will have admired |
mīrātus (-a, -um) erit s/he, it will have admired |
mīrātī (-ae, -a) erimus we will have admired |
mīrātī (-ae, -a) eritis you will have admired |
mīrātī (-ae, -a) erunt they will have admired |