Integrating Human Factors Methods and Systems Thinking for Transport Analysis and Design

Gemma J. M. Read, Vanessa Beanland, Michael G. Lenné, Neville A. Stanton, Paul M. Salmon

• Publisher: CRC Press
• Year: 2017
• eBook ISBN: 9781317115267
• Edition: 1
• Topic: Computer Science
• Subtopic: Human-Computer Interaction
• Index: Computer Science

Governments and road safety agencies around the world have either introduced or are considering 'safe system' strategies, a long overdue acknowledgement that different elements of the road system contribute to road safety outcomes. Human factors approaches have a leading role here in both conceptualising the road system as a complex sociotechnical system and in providing practical approaches to support true systems-based countermeasures. This book illustrates the potential for integrating contemporary systems-based human factors methods with modern day driving-assessment methods, such as vehicle instrumentation and driving simulation, to understand and enhance performance in modern day road-transport systems. The book outlines why a fundamental paradigm shift is needed in the way these systems are designed and operated, and illustrates how a wide range of accepted human-factors approaches can be applied successfully to road transport to revolutionise the countermeasure design process. The practical illustrations of these human factors methods are applied to a long-standing road and rail safety issue: rail level crossings, where the road and rail systems intersect. The final chapter of the book highlights the utility of the human factors approach to reducing road trauma and discusses future applications of the approach.

Index

Note: Page numbers followed by f and t refer to figures and tables, respectively.

A

Abstraction decomposition space (ADS), 261

Abstraction hierarchy CWA, 75

AcciMap approach, 13, 14f, 233

ActorMap, 8, 9f

Adaptability

flexible structures and mechanisms, 104

multifunctionalism, 103–104

ADS (abstraction decomposition space), 261

Agent-based modelling, 224

Agna tool, 31

ALCAM (Australian Level Crossing Assessment Model), 14f, 15

Architectural Lens, 35

Ashby’s Law of Requisite Variety, 103–104

Assumption crushing, 160, 267

human factors design methods, 36

idea generation workshop, 117

Australian Level Crossing Assessment Model (ALCAM), 14f, 15

Average speed design concepts, 217

Aviation, 234

B

Benefit–cost ratios, 225

Binocular recording systems, 24

C

CAN. See Controller Area Network (CAN)

Car drivers

rural, 203–204

urban, 198

CAT. See Contextual activity template (CAT)

CDM. See Critical Decision Method (CDM)

Centrality metric, 31, 256

Change-to-benefit ratio, 140–144

Circles, decision ladder, 262

Code verbalisations, 248

Coding scheme, 248

Cognitive task analysis interviews, 25–26, 60–65

with CDM, 249–250

CDM data analyses, 250

decision points identification, 250

incident selection, 249

interview preparation, 249

participants selection, 249

probe selected decision points, 250

situation recording, 249

timeline construction, 249–250

data analysis, 63

interview procedure, 60–62

novice versus experienced drivers, 64

urban versus rural environments, 64–65

Cognitive Work Analysis (CWA), 29, 33–34, 38, 45, 72–89,...

Table of contents

• Cover
• Half Title
• Title Page
• Copyright Page
• Dedication
• Table of Contents
• Preface
• Acknowledgements
• About the Authors
• SECTION I Introduction to the Research Approach
• SECTION II Rail Level Crossing Data Collection and Analysis
• SECTION III Design of New Rail Level Crossing Environments
• SECTION IV Evaluation of Design Concepts
• SECTION V Conclusions and Future Applications
• Appendix: Guidance for Using the Key Human Factors Methods and Approaches
• References
• Index