- 187 pages
- English
- ePUB (mobile friendly)
- Available on iOS & Android
eBook - ePub
An Orthopaedics Guide for Today's GP
About this book
This practical handbook is an essential reference for GPs when dealing with musculoskeletal disorders, as well as a useful exam prep aid for the common MSK cases that occur in the CSA. Responding to increasing pressures on GPs to reduce the number of referrals and treat more patients in the community, the book covers a breadth of orthopaedic disorders, with clear colour photographs and diagrams to demonstrate techniques in practice.
Chapters are authored by experts in each disorder with GP input, putting a strong focus on diagnosis and easy-to-follow processes for deciding courses of action and investigation. Each section explores the range of treatment options for that topic, including step-by-step injection techniqueswhere relevant, and signposts need-to-know areas with 'red flags'.
This is an important reach-for guide to assist GPs with easy diagnosis and to provide clear direction on next recommended steps.It will also be useful for medical students takingorthopaedicsmodules.
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Yes, you can access An Orthopaedics Guide for Today's GP by Tim Jennings,Maneesh Bhatia in PDF and/or ePUB format, as well as other popular books in Medicine & Family Medicine & General Practice. We have over one million books available in our catalogue for you to explore.
Information
1
Paediatric orthopaedic disorders
SUNIL BAJAJ and NICOLAS NICOLAOU
Introduction
What ages do the different normal variants present?
What are packaging defects?
In-toeing and out-toeing
How does the rotational profile of the lower limb change with the age and development of the child?
What are the causes of in-toeing?
What is metatarsus adductus?
What is the treatment for metatarsus adductus?
What is congenital metatarsus varus?
What is internal tibial torsion?
How do you assess/measure internal tibial torsion?
What is the treatment for internal tibial torsion?
What is excessive femoral anteversion?
How do you measure femoral anteversion?
How do you treat the above condition?
Is in-toeing always physiological?
What is out-toeing?
What are bow legs (genu varum) and knock knees (genu valgum)?
How do you manage bow legs and knock knees?
What are the different feet/toe deformities seen in general practice?
What is pes planus?
What are the different types of flat feet?
How do we differentiate physiological flat feet from pathological flat feet?
How do you manage physiological pes planus?
What are the causes of rigid flat foot?
What is tarsal coalition?
Pathology
Clinical presentation
Investigation
Treatment
Surgical treatment
What is pes cavus?
What is the clinical presentation in children with pes cavus?
How do you manage pes cavus?
Osgood–Schlatter disease
What is the management of Osgood–Schlatter disease?
Is toe walking normal in children?
Management
What are curly toes?
What causes curly toes?
How do you manage curly toes?
The paediatric hip
What is developmental dysplasia of the hip?
What are the risk factors for this condition to be elicited in the history?
How do you clinically assess a child with the above risk factors?
Barlow test
Ortolani test
What is the investigation of choice in a child aged less than 6 months with suspected DDH?
Ultrasound screening
Perthes disease
What is the clinical presentation of perthes disease?
What is SCFE?
What are the clinical manifestations of SCFE?
What is a toddler’s fracture?
What are the causes of limp in a child?
How do you clinically assess a limping child?
Gait assessment
Leg length assessment
Hip and knee examination
Pyrexia
Discitis
Paediatric upper limb problems
What is congenital trigger thumb?
What is camptodactyly?
Wh2.84 at is clinodactyly?
Polydactyly and syndactyly
Proximal radioulnar synostosis
Paediatric spine
What are the causes of back pain in children?
How would you manage back pain in children?
What is scoliosis?
How would you assess a spinal deformity in a child?
What is congenital scoliosis?
What is idiopathic scoliosis?
What are the other spinal deformities in children, other than scoliosis?
What is Scheuermann’s kyphosis?
What is spondylolisthesis?
Summary
Suggested Reading
Introduction
It is important to appreciate that not all paediatric deformities, especially of the lower limbs, are pathological. Quite a few of them are physiological and they are referred to as normal variants of lower limb development. These generally spontaneously get better as the child grows. It is important to differentiate normal variants from pathological conditions that present in a similar fashion. The following table provides some differentiating factors:
| Physiological Conditions | Pathological Conditions |
| Usually symmetrical | Rarely symmetrical |
| Flexible deformity – correctable | Rigid deformity |
| Familial (family history positive) | Family history positive or negative |
| Improves with time | Usually worsens with time |
| No active treatment generally necessary | Intervention is almost always needed |
Physiological deformities/normal variants are an important cause of parental concern.
A detailed history and full clinical examination are generally all that is required to differentiate pathological conditions from normal variants.
What ages do the different normal variants present?
From birth to the first 2 years of life, the following normal variants are present:
- Packaging deformities
- Physiological flat foot (pes planus)
- Physiological bow legs (genu varum)
From 2 years right up to the adolescent age (puberty), the following normal variants are present:
- Knock knees (genu valgum)
- In-toeing
- Out-toeing
What are packaging defects?
Normal variants which are the result of intrauterine moulding are called packaging deformities. These include:
- Hyper-extension of the knee
- Postural talipes/calcaneovalgus foot
- Out-toeing of infants as a result of external rotator contracture
- Metatarsus adductus
Below is the brief description of some of the above deformities.
In-toeing and out-toeing
In-toeing, most commonly known as pigeon toes (Figure 1.1), refers to an inward pointing foot and is more common than out-toeing (foot points outwards) (Figure 1.2). They are an important cause for parental concern and a frequent referral to paediatric orthopaedic...
Table of contents
- Cover
- Half Title
- Title Page
- Copyright Page
- Dedication
- Table of Contents
- Foreword
- Preface: Maneesh Bhatia
- Preface: Tim Jennings
- Editors
- Contributors
- 1 Paediatric orthopaedic disorders
- 2 Spine disorders
- 3 Shoulder disorders
- 4 Elbow disorders
- 5 Hand and wrist disorders
- 6 Hip disorders
- 7 Knee disorders
- 8 Foot and ankle disorders
- 9 Bone and soft tissue tumours/lumps and bumps
- 10 Preoperative fitness and perioperative issues in MSK patients
- 11 Rheumatology for general practitioners
- 12 The role of physiotherapy for musculoskeletal disorders in primary care
- 13 Musculoskeletal disorders – the GP perspective
- Index