Dictionary of Pharmacy

Dennis Worthen

• Publisher: Routledge
• Year: 2017
• eBook ISBN: 9781351990998
• Topic: Medicine
• Subtopic: Health Care Delivery

An ideal study/practice companion!

The Dictionary of Pharmacy is the only English-language reference currently available that provides a comprehensive list of terms of special importance to pharmacy students, educators, and practitioners. This reliable, time-saving volume will serve anyone working in or studying the pharmaceutical sciences. The Dictionary of Pharmacy is a valuable, handy resource that you'll refer to again and again.

Compiled by a cast of educators from leading pharmacy schools headed by Dennis B. Worthen (author of Pharmacy in World War II, co-author of Pharmaceutical Education in the Queen City: 150 Years of Service 1850-2000, and former Director of Pharmacy Affairs for Procter & Gamble), this well-organized guide defines all of the jargon surrounding this ever-evolving field. In addition to a complete A-Z listing of definitions, you'll find:

• abbreviations
• Latin terms
• weights and measures
• practice standards
• the periodic table
• the American Pharmacists Association's Code of Ethics and Principles of Practice for Pharmaceutical Care
• the American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy's Pledge of Professionalism and Pharmacist's Oath
• lists of professional associations and organizations
• lists of colleges of pharmacy in the United States and schools of pharmacy (and their faculties) in Canada

From a- and a priori to zwitterion and zymogen, the Dictionary of Pharmacy covers the bases. With this one-of-a-kind study/practice companion, you—and your students—need never be stymied by pharmaceutical terminology again.

Definitions

a- prefix meaning absence of or without; example: achlorhy- di'ia

abatement to decrease; example: an abatement of symptoms of a disease

abbreviated new drug application (ANDA) established under the Drug Price Competition and Patent Term Restoration Act (1984) allowing the FDA to accept abbreviated new drug applications for generic versions of drugs first approved after 1962; safety and effectiveness data did not have to be submitted if the drug was genetically equivalent to brand name drugs already proven to be safe and effective

abdominal packs SEE laparotomy pack

abdominohysterotomy caesarean section

abduction a drawing away, as an arm or leg from the middle line of the body

aberration 1: deviation from that which is normal 2: an imperfection on an optical lens resulting in a disturbed image

abietic acid organic acid prepared by isomerization of rosin; used in the manufacture of soaps, plastics, and lacquers

abiogenesis spontaneous generation of biological cells without known biological explanation; synonym: autogenesis

abirritant an agent used to relieve irritation

ablution washing

ABO antigens innate blood group compounds important to blood typing and transfusions

abortifacient agent that induces abortion

abradant agent that scrapes or abrades

abrasion a scraping of the skin, mucous membranes, or teeth; wearing or rubbing away by friction

abrasive substance used to scrape or erode a surface; example: dental pumice

abscess pus accumulation in any part of the body

abscissa horizontal axis of a plot or graph

absolute humidity SEE humidity, absolute

absolute rate theory SEE transition state theory

absolutes 1: values or dimensions that are defined by international agreement (SEE absolute unit) 2: pure substances that have been isolated from mixtures 3: pure solvents; example: absolute alcohol

absolute temperature an expression of fundamental heat intensity; °T = °C + 273.15; synonym: degrees Kelvin

absolute unit a measurable dimension that is defined by internationally agreed-upon standards; examples: meter, kilogram, second

absolute zero a hypothetical temperature characterized by a complete absence of heat and approximately equivalent to -273.15°C or -459.67°F

absorb 1: to take in and become part of an existent whole 2: to suck up or take up (as a sponge absorbs water); to take in food and drugs from the intestinal tract

absorbance ability of a layer of a substance to absorb radiation

absorbent gauze SEE gauze

absorption 1: process of being absorbed 2: biological process by which drugs and other substances are transported across body membranes (intestines, skin, cells) 3: physicochemical process by which molecules (liquid or gaseous) are absorbed into another system such as water into a sponge or hydrogen into palladium 4: physical interception of radiant energy or sound waves

absorption, active movement of substances through a living membrane against a concentration gradient; example: an energy requiring process catalyzed by enzymes

absorption, facilitated movement of substances through membranes aided by a carrier

absorption, passive movement of substances through membranes by simple diffusion

absorption band a region in an absoiption spectrum of a substance in which the absoiptivity reaches a maximum; an inflection point in the spectrum

absorption cell vessel used to hold substances for determination of their absoiption spectra; example: cuvette used in spectrophotometry

absorption coefficient 1: absoiption of one substance or phase into another 2: a measure of the rate of decrease in the intensity of electromagnetic radiation after its passage through a particular substance 3: absorptivity of a substance

absorption ointment base an ointment base capable of absorbing and holding relatively large amounts of water; example: lanolin

abstinence denying oneself a drug or some other gratification (food, drink, sexual intercourse)

abstract 1: short synopsis of a longer article 2: that which has been separated 3: profound, fundamental concept without units of measure

abstraction 1: removal or separation of one or more ingredients from a mixture 2: a mental state characterized by a total isolation from one’s environment

acacia gum dried gummy exudate of the acacia tree, used as a suspending or emulsifying agent; synonym: gum Arabic

Academy of Pharmaceutical Research and Sciences (APRS) a subdivision of the American Pharmacists Association established to promote research in pharmacy

Academy of Pharmacy Practice and Management (APPM) a subdivision of the American Pharmacists Association, composed of pharmacists who are providing or managing the provision of pharmaceutical services directly to patients

Academy of Students of Pharmacy (ASP) a subdivision of the American Pharmacists Association, composed of pharmacy students

accelerated stability testing SEE stability testing; Arrhenius equation

acceleration rate of increase in the velocity of movement of an object or particles, usually expressed in cm/sec²

acceleration of gravity rate of increase in movement of a substance due to the attractive force of gravity; 980.665 cm/sec²

accelerin blood-coagulation factor VI; synonym: accelerator globulin

acceptance sampling a statistically based quality control procedure of selecting representative parts of a lot of pharmaceutical preparations in order to assure that the whole is correctly prepared

access a patient’s ability to obtain medical care; ease of access determined by components such as the availability of medical services and their acceptability to the patient, the location of health care facilities, transportation, hours of operation, and affordability of care, which is often a function of insurance coverage

accessories, health surgical supplies and convalescent aids; examples: wheelchairs, walkers, ostomy supplies, elastic supports

accommodation 1: to adapt 2: ability of the eye to adjust to viewing objects at different distances; effected chiefly by changes in the convexity of the crystalline lens

accreditation process whereby an association or agency grants public recognition to an organization that meets certain established qualifications or standards, as determined through initial and periodic evaluations

accredited the fulfillment of minimum standards of an officially recognized group by a college, hospital, or other organization; example: a U.S. college or school of pharmacy must be accredited by the American Council on Pharmaceutical Education

accrete process of adding new enrollees to a health plan

accretion 1: growth characterized by addition of matter to the periphery of a body 2: a growing together 3: deposition of foreign matter on the surface of an object; example: accretion of tartar on teeth

accrual basis of accounting an accounting method whereby revenues are recognized in the period when goods or services are sold and expenses are recognized in the period when the related revenue is recorded

accrued revenues revenues that have been earned or recognized but not yet received

accumulated depreciation an account that shows the sums of depreciation charges on an asset from the time it was acquired

accumulation increase in the plasma or tissue concentration of a drug

accuracy 1: a measure of the correctness of data as these correspond to the true value 2: freedom from mistake or error

acerbic 1: acidic or sour in taste 2: acidic in temper or mood

acetoacetic ester condensation a special form of Claison condensation using ethylacetate and a base such as sodium ethoxide

acetylation substitution of an organic compound with an acyl group derived from acetic acid

acetylcholine 1: acetate ester of choline 2: neurotransmitter secreted by the endings of the voluntary nervous system and the autonomic ganglia

achlorhydria absence of hydrochloric acid secretion in gastric fluid even after the administration of histamine

achymosis 1: a lack or deficiency of chyme acicular 2: shaped like a needle; needlelike

acid 1: a type of compound that contributes a proton to a chemical reaction to form a conjugate base 2: a type of compound that accepts electrons in a chemical reaction 3: a type of compound that reacts with a base 4: an electrophile 5: a substance that has a sour taste

acid, weak an organic acid that does not completely dissociate in water

acid-base balance relative concentrations of acids and bases as in an organism or a physical system

acid-base indicator a dye solution that changes color with changes in pH

acid-base pair SEE conjugate pair

acid-fast a staining property exhibited by certain bacteria that are not decolorized by mineral acids after staining with aniline dyes; example organisms: bacilli of tuberculosis and leprosy

acidifying agent substance added to lower the pH of a system under observation

acidimetry method of quantitative analysis in which the total amount of acid in a sample is determined by titration with standard base

acidity constant 1: ionization constant of a weak acid 2: pKa 3: sigma constant of the Hammett equation 4: equilibrium constant for the ionization of a weak acid in which water is included as a reactant and hydronium ion concentration is considered instead of proton concentration

acid number SEE acid value

acidophils microorganisms that grow well in a...

Table of contents

• Cover Page
• Title Page
• Copyright Page
• Table of Contents
• About the Editor in Chief
• Contributing Editors
• Acknowledgments
• User’s Guide
• Definitions
• Abbreviations
• Latin/Greek Terminology
• Weights and Measures
• U.S. Schools and Associations
• Canadian Schools and Associations
• Oath of a Pharmacist
• Pledge of Professionalism
• Code of Ethics for Pharmacists
• Principles of Practice for Pharmaceutical Care