The Essential Guide to the New FRCR

Part 2A

David Maudgil

• Publisher: CRC Press
• Year: 2017
• eBook ISBN: 9781315345239
• Edition: 1
• Topic: Medicine
• Subtopic: Medical Theory, Practice & Reference

This book takes account of recent changes in the Fellowship of the Royal College of Radiologists (FRCR) Part 2A examination. It includes basic radiological science questions as well as the original clinical imaging component, and in particular it discusses cross sectional imaging at an advanced level. Many of these questions are also very useful in preparation for the American Boards Exam in Radiology. Unlike other books in this field, this essential guide provides full explanatory answers and bibliography. Questions are divided into subject chapters corresponding to those in the current FRCR Part 2A syllabus, and structured in an identical fashion to the actual exam.

Section 1

Thorax

Q1 Are the following statements regarding severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (SARS) true or false?

1. SARS can be confidently diagnosed with a single test.
2. It is caused by SARS-associated coronavirus.
3. The chest radiograph (CXR) findings are easily distinguishable from those of other causes of atypical pneumonia.
4. The right lung is more commonly affected than the left.
5. Calcification, cavitation, pleural effusions and lymph-adenopathy are common findings, particularly in the paediatric population.

Q2 Are the following statements true or false? Broncho-alveolar carcinoma:

1. typically occurs peripherally.
2. may cause the computed tomography (CT) angiogram sign.
3. occurs most commonly in a multicentric form.
4. is negative on fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG PET) in more than 50% of cases.
5. can present with bronchorrhea.

Q3 Cigarette smoking is associated with the following conditions. True or false?

1. Cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis (CFA).
2. Non-specific interstitial pneumonitis (NSIP).
3. Eosinophilic pneumonia.
4. Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH).
5. Bronchiectasis.

Q4 Are the following statements regarding ultrasound (US) of the chest true or false?

1. The diagnosis of rib fractures is easier than on plain film.
2. Pneumothoraces can cause a marked increase in reverberation artefact.
3. Low resistance flow on colour Doppler helps distinguish benign from malignant tumours.
4. A thrombosed pulmonary artery may be diagnosed via the ‘vessel sign’.
5. A linear probe is ideal.

Q5 Are the following statements regarding pulmonary thromboembolism true or false?

1. Pulmonary thromboembolism requires gadolinium for diagnosis on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
2. A focal area of pulmonary hypoperfusion may cause a false-positive diagnosis.
3. Subsegmental emboli may be visualised with 3 mm collimation.
4. Pulmonary hypertension predisposes to increased mortality in pulmonary angiography.
5. In the multicentre PIOPED study, 40% of scans were classified as being of intermediate probability.

Q6 The following may occur after lung transplantation. True or false?

1. Lung torsion at six weeks.
2. Bronchial dehiscence.
3. Pulmonary embolism in the acute phase.
4. Pneumatosis intestinalis.
5. Recurrence of sarcoidosis in the transplanted lung.

Q7 Are the following statements regarding cardiac tumours true or false?

1. Right atrial myxomas are the commonest primary intracardiac tumours.
2. Of rhabdomyomas, 50% occur with tuberous sclerosis.
3. Fibromas typically calcify.
4. Hydatid disease may cause myocardial cysts.
5. MRI and ultrafast CT are sensitive for diagnosis.

Q8 The following are recognised causes of pericardial effusions. True or false?

1. Post-myocardial infarction.
2. Collagen vascular disease.
3. Mesothelioma.
4. Irradiation.
5. Gout.

Q9 The following conditions are associated with ventilation– perfusion mismatch. True or false?

1. Vasculitis.
2. Hypoplasia of the pulmonary artery.
3. Pleural effusion.
4. Hilar adenopathy.
5. BOOP (bronchiolitis obliterans with organising pneumonia).

Q10 Are the following statements regarding pericardial defects true or false?

1. They are more common on the right side.
2. They only occur in adults.
3. They are associated with bronchogenic cysts.
4. They may cause difficult visualisation of the right heart border.
5. They require no intervention.

Q11 Are the following statements regarding myocardial per-fusion imaging true or false?

1. Thallium-205 chloride is a commonly used agent.
2. Normally less than 5% activity of technetium-99 sestamibi remains at 10 minutes.
3. Critical aortic stenosis is a contraindication to stress testing.
4. The reverse distribution pattern is pathognomic of cardiac infarction.
5. Quantitative analysis can be presented via a bull’s eye display.

Q12 Are the following statements true or false? Cryptogenic organising pneumonia (COP):

1. may be caused by extrinsic allergic alveolitis.
2. occurs typically in the 20–40-years age group.
3. may be preceded by a flu-like illness.
4. occurs typically in the upper zones.
5. improves with corticosteroids.

Q13 Chronic alveolar infiltrate may be caused by the following conditions. True or false?

1. Lipoid pneumonia.
2. Goodpasture’s syndrome.
3. Alveolar proteinosis.
4. Pulmonary contusion.
5. Alveolar cell carcinoma.

Q14 Lymphoid interstitial pneumonia is associated with the following conditions. True or false?

1. Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS).
2. Chronic active hepatitis.
3. Salivary gland enlargement.
4. Parenchymal cysts.
5. Centrilobular nodules.

Q15 The following may cause septal lines. True or false?

1. Pulmonary oedema.
2. Mycoplasma pneumonia.
3. Cryptogenic organising pneumonia.
4. Lymphangioleiomyomatosis.
5. Wegener’s granulomatosis.

Q16 Are the following statements true or false?

1. The transverse sinus of the pericardium is situated anterior to the ascending aortic root.
2. The oblique sinus is in direct connection with the superior pericardial recess.
3. In the anomalous innomina...

Table of contents

• Cover
• Title Page
• Copyright Page
• Dedication
• Table of Contents
• Foreword
• Preface
• About the author
• Contributor
• Section 1: Thorax
• Section 2: Cardiovascular
• Section 3: Musculoskeletal (including trauma and soft tissues)
• Section 4: Gastrointestinal and hepatobiliary
• Section 5: Obstetrics and gynaecology
• Section 6: Paediatrics
• Section 7: Central nervous system
• Section 8: Dental
• Section 9: Head and neck
• Section 10: Genitourinary, adrenal and breast
• Bibliography
• Index