Canine Infectious Diseases

Self-Assessment Color Review

Katrin Hartmann, Jane Sykes, Katrin Hartmann, Jane Sykes

• Publisher: CRC Press
• Year: 2018
• eBook ISBN: 9781351696524
• Edition: 1
• Topic: Medicina
• Subtopic: Medicina veterinaria

• Contains over 200 cases, covering every type of canine infectious disease
• Features international contributors
• Supplies the perfect companion to Self-assessment Color Review of Feline Infectious Diseases.

This book covers all types of canine infectious diseases, including infections caused by viruses, bacteria, parasites and fungi. Over 200 clinical cases are presented randomly, as in practice, and cover the range of infectious diseases which affect all the organ systems of the dog. Featuring international expert contributors, the illustrated cases contain integrated questions and detailed explanatory answers.

Questions

CASE 1 An 8-year-old female intact Siberian Husky from Bern, Switzerland, was evaluated for acute onset of vomiting, lethargy, and increased thirst and urination. On physical examination, the dog was estimated to be 7–8% dehydrated and had a tense abdomen on palpation. The kidneys appeared to be slightly enlarged on palpation and a large bladder was noted. The BCS was 5/9 (1). A CBC, serum biochemistry panel, and urinalysis were performed:

1

Complete blood count	Results	Reference interval
Hematocrit Platelets White blood cells	0.32 l/l 75 × 10^9/l 6.1 × 10^9/l	0.42–0.55 130–394 4.7–11.3

Biochemistry panel	Results	Reference interval
Creatinine Urea Glucose Sodium Potassium Phosphorus	364 μmol/l 39 μmol/l 4.8 mmol/l 153 mmol/l 4.5 mmol/l 2.19 mmol/l	50–119 3.8–9.4 4.1–5.9 152–159 4.3–5.3 1–1.6

Urinalysis	Results
Collection method Color, appearance Specific gravity pH Protein Glucose Sediment	Cystocentesis Yellow, clear 1.022 6.8 Negative ++ Inactive

1. How would you interpret the findings in this dog?
2. What are the differential diagnoses for this dog?

CASE 2 Case 2 is the same dog as case 1. On abdominal ultrasound, the kidneys were slightly enlarged and a small amount of perirenal fluid was visualized (2). Leptospirosis is suspected as the underlying disease.

2

1. How would you make a specific diagnosis of leptospirosis?
2. How would you treat this dog?
3. Is there a risk of human infection when handling the dog?

CASE 3 A 6-month-old intact male Labrador mix was evaluated for a 4-week history of facial skin disease (3). The dog was bright and alert, but showed prominent erythema, crusting, and alopecia periocularly as well as on the muzzle. The dog lived in Munich, Germany, had no travel history outside the country, was vaccinated with core vaccines and last treated with an endoparasiticide 6 weeks previously, and was fed a commercial puppy food. Besides the skin changes, the dog was unremarkable on physical examination.

3

1. What are the most likely differential diagnoses for this dog based on your assessment of the history and image provided?
2. What diagnostic tests should be done immediately?
3. Could this dog have a transmissible infectious disease?

CASE 4 A 3-year-old neutered male Border Collie was referred for skin lesions on his extremities that had been present for 4 months. Therapy with antibacterial drugs for the past month had not been effective. The dog appeared otherwise healthy. The owners owned farmland in Greensboro, Georgia, USA, and lived by a lake. The dog spent time inside and outside. There was no travel history. The dog had been regularly vaccinated and treated with parasiticides.

Physical examination, beside the skin lesions, was unremarkable. There were draining ulcerative skin lesions on the dog’s extremities (4).

4

1. What are the differential diagnoses for draining skin lesions?
2. What diagnostic plan should be considered for the skin lesions?

CASE 5 Case 5 is the same dog as case 4. Serum biochemical abnormalities included increased serum globulin concentration and serum alkaline phosphatase activity. Cytologic findings were a predominance of neutrophils and a few macrophages. Poorly stained, slightly basophilic thin-walled, rarely septate hyphae were observed (5).

5

Hematoxylin and eosin-stained skin biopsy specimens showed diffuse infiltrates of lymphocytes, plasma cells, neutrophils, and macrophages, and a few giant cells. Necrotic cellular debris was interspersed with multifocal fibroplasia. Within the sections were thin-walled, rarely branching hyphae with occasional septa with bulbous enlargements. Gomori’s methenamine silver stain highlighted the fungal hyphal elements within the lesions. Organisms grew on Sabouraud dextrose agar at 25°C. Colonies were smooth and yellow with radial folds. Smooth, thick-walled zygospores had copulatory beaks. The organisms were identified as Basiobolus ranarum. Fungal susceptibility testing suggested susceptibility to terbinafine, trimethoprim/sulfonamide, and amphotericin B.

1. What is the source of the organism isolated in this infection?
2. What treatment is indicated?

CASE 6 A 2-year-old intact male German Shepherd Dog mix was referred for a 4-day history of acute vomiting and anorexia. Two days before the dog was evaluated, the referring veterinarian reported icterus and had treated the dog with oral antibiotics (doxycycline) and a single injection of a short-acting glucocorticoid. Because the vomiting persisted, the owner did not administer the doxycycline. No previous health problems were known. The dog was up to date on vaccinations and regularly treated for endoparasites. He lived in a suburban area close to Muni...

Table of contents

• Cover
• Title Page
• Copyright Page
• Table of Contents
• Preface
• Contributors
• Picture acknowledgments
• Abbreviations
• Broad classification of cases
• Questions
• Answers
• Conversion factors
• Index