Molecular Biology

Different Facets

Anjali Priyadarshini, Prerna Pandey

• Publisher: Apple Academic Press
• Year: 2018
• Print ISBN: 9781774631362
• eBook ISBN: 9781351582605
• Topic: Biological Sciences
• Subtopic: Molecular Biology
• Index: Biological Sciences

This volume provides a comprehensive description of the basic tenets of molecular biology, from mechanisms to its elaborate role in gene regulation. The initial sections cover the history of genetics and molecular biology. The book then goes on to highlight the significance of molecular approaches for all biological processes in both simple and complex cells.

The volume incorporates the most recent research from this ever-evolving field. The authors have described experimental approaches wherever necessary to present evidence that has led to the development of important concepts and significant advances in molecular biology.

CONTENTS

List of Abbreviations

Preface

Introduction

1. Cell

2. Genes and Genetic Code

3. Molecular Biology of Microorganisms

4. Plant Molecular Biology

5. Genetic Manipulation by Recombinant DNA Technology

6. Molecular Diagnostics

Index

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

AAV adeno-associated virus

ABA abscisic acid

ACC 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate

aCGH array comparative genomic hybridization

AD activation domain

AdV adenovirus

AFLP amplified fragment length polymorphism

AOH absence of heterozygosity

ARMS amplification refractory mutation system

ARS autonomous replicating sequences

BAC bacterial artificial chromosome

BD DNA-binding domain

cAMP cyclic adenosine mono phosphate

CAP catabolite activator protein

Cas CRISPR-associated

Cas9 CRISPR-associated proteins

CBF C-repeat binding factors

CBLs calcineurin B-like proteins

CEN centromeres

CIAP calf-intestinal alkaline phosphatase

CIPKs CBL-interacting protein kinases

CKIs Cdk inhibitors

co-IP co-immunoprecipitation

CRISPR clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats

ddNTPs dideoxynucleotides

DGGE denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis

DHPLC denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography

DNA deoxyribonucleic acid

dNTP deoxyribonucleotides

DREB dehydration-responsive element-binding proteins

dsRNA double-stranded RNA

EMS ethyl methanesulfonate

ER endoplasmic reticulum

EST expressed sequence tag

ET ethylene

F-SSCP fluorescent SSCP

FISH fluorescent in situ hybridization

GE genetically engineered

GEAC Genetic Engineering Approval Committee

GGE gradient gel electrophoresis

GINA Genetic Information Non-discrimination Act

GM genetically modified

gRNA guide RNA

GST glutathione S-transferase

GWAS genome-wide association studies

HAD heteroduplex analyses

HBV hepatitis B virus

HCN hydrogen cyanide

HDR homology-directed repair

Hfr high frequency recombination

HPV human papilloma virus

HR homologous recombination

IAA indole-3-acetic acid

IF immunofluorescence

IHF integration host factor

IP immunoprecipitation

IRES internal ribosome sites

IRGSP International Rice Genome Sequencing Project

IS insertion sequence

ISO allele-specific oligonucleotide

IVF in vitro fertilization

IVSP in vitro synthesized protein assay

JA jasmonic acid

KSI ketosteroid isomerase

LOH loss of heterozygosity

LVs lentivirus

MAPH multiplex amplifiable probe hybridization

MAPKs mitogen-activated protein kinases

MBP maltose-binding protein

MCS multiple cloning site

miRNAs microRNA

MLPA multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification

mRNA messenger RNA

mRNP mRNA protein

NGS next-generation sequencing

NHEJ nonhomologous end joining

NMPs nucleoside monophosphates

NPR nodule promoting rhizobacteria

NTPs nucleoside triphosphates

OLA oligonucleotide ligation assay

PAM protospacer adjacent motif

PCR polymerase chain reaction

PEG polyethylene glycol

PGD pre-implantation genetic diagnosis

PGPR plant growth promoting rhizobacteria

PHPR plant health promoting rhizobacteria

PM personalized medicine

PMF plant molecular farming

PPi pyrophosphate

PPV produced Plum pox virus

PR plant resistance

pRNA primer RNA

PTGS posttranscriptional gene silencing

PTM posttranslational modification

PTT protein truncation test

QTL quantitative trait locus

RBS ribosome binding site

RCM rolling circle mechanism

RFLP restriction fragment length polymorphisms

RISC RNA-induced silencing complex

RNA ribonucleic acid

RNAP RNA polymerase

RNP ribonucleoprotein

ROS reactive oxygen species

rRNA ribosomal RNA

SA salicylic acid

sgRNA single-guide RNA

shRNAs short hairpin RNAs

SINEs short interspersed nuclear elements

siRNAs small interfering RNAs

SNPs single nucleotide polymorphisms

SSB single-stranded binding protein

SSCP single-strand conformation polymorphism

SSO single-strand origin

SSRs simple sequence repeats

STPs signal transduction pathways

SUMO small ubiquitin related modifier

TBP TATA-binding protein

TEV tobacco etch virus

TFs transcription factors

TGGE temperature gradient gel electrophoresis

TM theta mechanism

TMV tobacco mosaic virus

tPA tissue plasminogen activator

tracrRNA trans-activating crRNA

Trp tryptophan

TrxA thioredoxin A

TTGE temporal temperature gradient gel electrophoresis

UPD uniparental isodisomy

UV ultraviolet

VEGF vascular endothelial growth factor

VIGS virus-induced gene silencing

WCR Western corn rootworm

YAC yeast artificial chromosome

YCp yeast centromeric plasmid

PREFACE

The book Molecular Biology: Different Facets includes a comprehensive description of the basic tenets of molecular biology, from mechanisms to their elaborate role in gene regulation. The initial sections describe the history of genetics and molecular biology. The book highlights the significance of the molecular approaches for all biological processes in both simple and complex cells. The text also incorporates the most recent references and has been written for students as well as for teachers of molecular biology, molecular genetics, or biochemistry. The authors have described experimental approaches wherever necessary to explore the evidence that led to the development of important concepts and hypotheses that led to significant advances in molecular biology. The book is divided into six chapters; the initial topics cover basic information that help in understanding the advanced topics covered later in the chapters.

INTRODUCTION

The field of molecular biology has taken several giant steps that have a broad range of applications. Various aspects of life came to be known by the scientific pursuits done in molecular biology. Molecular biology has been found to have very significant use in disease diagnostics and therapeutics. These outcomes have been initiated from the discovery of the structure of DNA. This discovery led us to deciphering of the genetic code and its outcome. A very important tenet that forms the core of life processes is the central dogma of life, which was established when the genetic code was decoded. The various aspects of the expression of this genetic code opened up a wide arena of its role played in various biochemical processes. Once the genetic basis of multiple diseases was established, the path was paved for its diagnostic and therapeutic use. Not only its role is there in disease but also aids in regulation with the help of regulatory RNA. All this goes in it tandem with the aid of various other branches of science such as microbiology, genetics, biochemistry, to name a few. So much is known and still much is left to be known. This is a vast field of micromolecules that affects our well-being so much.

The molecular mechanisms underlying the various processes taking place in a cell such as replication, transcription, processing of RNA, and translation offer various new avenues for research with potential in understanding the complex system of life. The study of the cell cycle and various intricacies in its control could serve as checkpoints in understanding diseases and potential drug targets.

Several processes in bacteria like conjugation, transformation, and transduction ushered in an era of exciteme...

Table of contents

• Cover
• Halftitle Page
• Title Page
• Copyright
• About the Authors
• Table of Contents