Spare Parts

Organ Replacement in American Society

Renee C. Fox

• Publisher: Routledge
• Year: 2017
• Print ISBN: 9781138533363
• eBook ISBN: 9781351488525
• Topic: Medicine
• Subtopic: Medical Theory, Practice & Reference

Spare Parts examines major developments in the field of organ replacement that occurred in the United States over the course of the 1980s and the beginning of the 1990s. It focuses upon significant medical and social changes in the transplantation of human organs and on the development and clinical testing of the Jarvik-7 artificial heart, with special emphasis on how these biomedical events were related to the political, economic, and social climate of American society.

Part I examines the important biomedical advances and events in organ transplantation and their social and cultural concomitants. In Part II, the focus shifts to the story of the rise and fall of the Jarvik-7 artificial heart in the United States, its relation to American social institutions and cultural patterns, and its bearing on social control issues associated with therapeutic innovation and the patient-oriented clinical research it entails. Part III is a personal conclusion, which explains why the authors left the field of organ transplantation after so many years.

Spare Parts is written in a narrative, ethnographic style, with thickly descriptive, verbatim, and atmospheric detail. The primary data it is based upon includes qualitative materials, collected via participant observation, interviews in a variety of medical milieu, and content analysis of medical journals, newspapers, and magazine articles, and a number of television transcripts. The new introduction provides an overview of some of the recent developments in transplantation and also underscores how tenacious many of the patterns associated with organ replacement have been. Spare Parts should be read by all medical professionals, sociologists, and historians.

Index

Aaron, H., 92

Abiomed Inc., 147

Accident victims as organ donors, 56–57, 214n.4. see also Cadaveric organ donors

Adrenal corticosteroids, 5

Adrenal medullary tissue transplants, 19–23

Alcoholic cirrhosis, liver transplants for, 82–83, 88

Altman, Lawrence K.

coverage of FK 506, 25, 27–29

coverage of Jarvik heart implants, 115, 117, 142

and media coverage of Barney Clark, 111–12

and testing of left ventricular assist devices, 149

American College of Cardiology, 135

American Council on Transplantation, 57–58

American Society of Transplant Surgeons, 48

Amico, Mrs., 35

Anencephalic donors, 14–16, 209, 219n.6

Angell, Marcia, 213

Animal experimentation

of FK 506, 25

of Jarvik heart, 103–7, 172–73, 180, 215n.5

Annas, George, 61–62, 129, 130, 135, 206

Antigen matching between donor and ricipient, 78

Artificial heart

as bridge to transplant, 128–30, 142, 145–46, 174–75, 215n.5

future of, 150–52

race to develop, 108, 216n.7

totally implantable, 143. see also Jarvik-7 artificial heart

Artificial lung, 209

Astronaut imagery, and Jarvik heart implants, 110, 158, 162

Audubon Hospital. see Humana Hospital Audubon

Autoimmune diseases, FK 506 used for treatment of, 28, 29

Automobile license donation forms, 56

Ayala, Anissa, 55–56

Ayala, Marissa, 55–56

Azathioprine, 5

Baby Fae, 14, 29, 213n.6, 219n.6

Bailey, Leonard L., 14, 29, 219n.6

Barnard, Christiaan, 142, 213n.6

Barnette, Martha, 126

Batten, Michael, 77

Baum, Frank, 154, 158–59

Beijing (China) Institute for Neuroscience, 20

Berenson, Claudia, 96

Bernstein, Barton, 187

Bioethics, 202

Blue Cross-Blue Shield, reimbursement for liver transplant by, 86–88

Body parts, ownership of, 71, 214n.9

Boffey, Phillip, 148...

Table of contents

• Cover Page
• Title Page
• Copyright Page
• Dedication
• Contents
• Introduction To The Transaction Edition: Spare Parts TWO DECADES LATER
• Introduction: Rebuilding People
• I Organ Transplantation: Patterns and Issues in the 1980s
• II The Jarvik- 7 Artificial Heart Experiment
• III The Participant Observers: Final Journeys
• Notes
• References
• Index