Manual of First and Second Fixing Carpentry

Les Goring

• Publisher: Routledge
• Year: 2018
• eBook ISBN: 9781351584197
• Edition: 4
• Topic: Technology & Engineering
• Subtopic: Civil Engineering
• Index: Technology & Engineering

Les Goring's book covers all the detailed knowledge required for carrying out first fixing carpentry – such as modern and traditional roofing and fitting and fixing modern and traditional floor joists on new-build sites before plastering or drylining of walls and ceilings takes place – and second fixing carpentry – such as fitting staircases, hanging doors, skirting and architraves and kitchen units after dry-lined plastering has taken place and the shell of the building is watertight. In the opening chapters, this work also covers reading-of-drawings' knowledge, tools and fixing-devices.

This new edition, with over 500 coloured drawings supporting its step-by-step approach, has been updated throughout to take into account current industry practices and changes in the UK's Building Regulations. Two new chapters have also been added, covering the formwork carpentry for casting in situ, reinforced concrete stairs and landings, and making and fixing different shelf arrangements to correct spans.

The breadth of coverage and clear 'how-to-do-it' text makes this book an essential in-and-after-college resource for the 2000 apprentices per year taking NVQs and the 1500 students following Construction Awards within the Wood Occupations from the City & Guilds' Construction Skills. The in-depth technical detail and practical focus makes this book an essential purchase for all aspiring woodworkers, craft teachers and construction lecturers – to either read now and/or use as a future reference manual. It should also be of value to general builders and DIY enthusiasts, whose carpentry knowledge might (understandably) be sketchy in certain areas.

1

Reading Construction Drawings

1.1 Introduction

Construction drawings are necessary in most spheres of the building industry, as being the best means of conveying detailed and often complex information from the designer to all those concerned with the job. Building tradespeople, especially carpenters and joiners, should be familiar with the basic principles involved in understanding and reading drawings correctly. Mistakes on either side – in design or interpretation of the design – can be costly, as drawings form a legal part of the contract between architect/client and builder. This applies even on small jobs, where only goodwill may suffer; for this reason, if a non-contractual drawing or sketch is supplied, it should be kept for a period of time after completion of the job, in case any queries should arise.

Figure 1.1 (a) Client’s sketch drawing. (b) Horizontal section showing client’s mistake

1.1.1 Retention of Drawings or Sketches

A simple sketch supplied by a client in good faith to a builder or joinery shop for the production of a replacement casement-type window, is shown in Figure 1.1(a). The client’s mistake in measuring between plastered reveals is illustrated in Figure 1.1(b). Retention of the sketch protects the firm from the possibility of the client’s wrongful accusation.

Another important rule is to study the whole drawing carefully and be reasonably familiar with the details before starting work.

The details given in this chapter are based on the recommendations laid down by the British Standards Institution, in their latest available publications entitled Construction drawing practice, BS 1192:

Part 1: 1984, and BS 1192: Part 3: 1987. BS 1192: Part 5: 1990, which is not referred to here, is a guide for the structuring of computer graphic information.

Figure 1.2 Common metric scales

1.1.2 Scales Used on Drawings

Parts of metric scale rules, graduated in millimetres, are illustrated in Figure 1.2. Each scale represents a ratio of given units (millimetres) to one unit (one millimetre).

Common scales are 1:100, 1:50, 1:20, 1:10, 1:5 and 1:1 (full size). For example, scale 1:5 = one-fifth (j) full size, or 1 mm on the drawing equals 5 mm in reality.

Although a scale rule is useful when reading drawings, because of the dimensional instability of paper, preference should always be given to written dimensions found on the drawing.

1.1.3 Correct Expressions of Dimensions

The abbreviated expression, or unit symbol, for metres is a lower case (small) letter m, and letters mm for millimetres. Symbols are not finalized by a full stop and do not use a letter ‘s’ for the plural. Confusion occurs when, for example, 3| metres is written as 3.500 mm – which means, by virtue of the decimal point in relation to the unit symbol, 3 ₂ ¹ millimetres! To express 3 ¹ ₂ metres, it should have been written as 3500 mm, 3.5 m, 3.50 m, or 3.500 m. Either one symbol or the other should be used throughout on drawings; they should not be mixed. Normally, whole numbers should indicate millimetres, and decimalized numbers, to three places of decimals, should indicate metres. Contrary to what seems to be taught in schools, the construction and engineering industry in the UK does not communicate in centimetres. All references to measurement are made in millimetres and/or metres, i.e. 2 cm should be expressed as 20 mm.

1.1.4 Sequence of Dimensioning

The recommended dimensioning sequence is illustrated in Figure 1.3. Length should always be given first, width second and thickness third, for example 900 × 200 × 25 mm. However, if a different sequence is used, it should be consistent throughout.

Figure 1.3 Dimensioning sequence A×B×C

1.1.5 Dimension Lines and Figures

A dimension line with open arrowheads for basic/ mo...

Table of contents

• Cover
• Halftitle Page
• Title Page
• Copyright
• Table of Contents
• Preface
• Acknowledgments
• Health and Safety Awareness
• Abbreviations
• Technical Data
• 1 Reading Construction Drawings
• 2 Tools Required: their Care and Proper Use
• 3 Carpentry Fixing-Devices
• 4 Making and Fixing Shelving Arrangements
• 5 Making Site-Equipment Items
• 6 Fixing Doorframes,Linings and Doorsets
• 7 Fixing Wooden and uPVC Windows
• 8 Fixing Traditional and Modern Floor Joists and Flooring
• 9 Fixing Interior and Exterior Timber Grounds
• 10 Fixing Stairs and Balustrades
• 11 Stair Regulations Guide to Design and Construction
• 12 Making and Fixing Formwork for In Situ Concrete Stairs
• 13 Constructing Traditional and Modern Roofs
• 14 Erecting Timber-stud and Metal-stud Partitions
• 15 Geometry for Arch Shapes
• 16 Making and Fixing Arch Centres
• 17 Fixing Architraves, Skirting, Dado and Picture Rails
• 18 Fitting and Hanging Doors
• 19 Fitting Locks, Latches and Door Furniture
• 20 Fixing Pipe Casings and Framed Ducts
• 21 Designing and Installing a Fitted Kitchen
• 22 Site Levelling and Setting Out
• Appendix: Glossary of Terms
• Index