The Plays of Ernst Toller
eBook - ePub

The Plays of Ernst Toller

A Revaluation

  1. 704 pages
  2. English
  3. ePUB (mobile friendly)
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eBook - ePub

The Plays of Ernst Toller

A Revaluation

About this book

This book is the fullest and most detailed study yet published in English of Ernst Toller's plays and their most significant productions. In particular the productions directed by Karl-Heinz Martin, Jurgen Fehling and Erwin Piscator are closely analyzed and the author demonstrates how, brilliant though they were, they obscured or even distorted Toller's intentions. The plays are seen as eminently stage-worthy while worth lies in Toller's use of language, both in prose and inverse. The neglected puppet-play The Scorned Lovers' Revenge is analyzed from a new perspective in the light, both of its language and its sexual theme, so important in Toller's writings as a whole. The reader is led to appreciate why Toller was regarded as the most outstanding German dramatist of his generation until, after his death in 1939 his reputation was overlaid by that of Brecht. This book should do much to restore Toller to his proper place in theatre history.

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Information

NOTES
I INTRODUCTION
1. Ernst Toller was born 1.12.1893 in Samotschin, Posen. He hanged himself in the Mayflower Hotel, Central Park, New York, on 22.5.1939.
2. Richard Dove, The place of Toller in English Socialist Theatre 1924–1939. German Life and Letters 38: 2. January 1985 p. 125.
3. Großmann, Stefan: Der HochverrĂ€ter Ernst Toller. Die Geschichte eines Prozesses. Berlin, Rowohlt, 1919. (Spalek 1071). Reprinted in: Ernst Toller: Prosa, Briefe, Dramen, Gedichte. Rowohlt 1961.
4. GW2 p. 50.
5. PBDG p. 488.
Nie hat er die Menge zu den Taten gedrĂ€ngt, fĂŒr welche er sie innerlich nicht reif gefunden. In der Stunde des scheinbaren Siegs in MĂŒnchen, als LevinĂ© und Lewien von dem gefĂ€hrlichsten Applaus betrunken wurden, ist in seinem Kopf der bitterste Zweifel eingezogen.
6. Ernst Toller und seine BĂŒhnenwerke. Eine EinfĂŒhrung von Fritz Droop. Schneider BĂŒhnenfĂŒhrer. Berlin & Leipzig 1922.
7. ibid pp. 12/13.
Tollers Dichtung aber ist die Beichte eines Menschen, der mit sich selbst in heißem Kampfe rang und der uns aus einem sterbenden Jahrhundert in ein neues Zeitalter fĂŒhrt.
8. ibid p. 14.

 sein Traum ist die ideale Anarchie, die uns Dehmels prophetischer Geist verhieß.
9. ibid p. 25.
Die Phantasie Tollers ist im Schmerz verankert.
10. ibid p. 30.
Masse Mensch gehört nicht zu den Werken, die sich auf eine theatralische Handlung stĂŒtzen. Das Drama wurzelt ganz im Gedanklichen, und es ist schwer, das tiefe Ethos, das den Anschlag gibt, in einer Inhaltsskizze anzudeuten.
11. ibid p. 43: kein TendenzstĂŒck.
12. ibid p. 14.

 das Mechanische auf Erden muß dem Seelischen untergeordnet werden.
13. ibid p. 15.
14. ibid p. 17.
15. Two other studies appeared in 1924: Paul Signer (Spalek 1079) & Herman Lieberman (Spalek 1072).
16. v. Spalek 1080.
17. William Anthony Willibrand, Ernst Toller and his Ideology. Iowa City 1945. University of Iowa Humanistic Studies Vol. VII. (Spalek 1082).
18. Martin Reso, Der gesellschaftlich-ethische Protest im dichterischen Werk Ernst Tollers. Unpub. Ph. D Thesis. Univ. of Jena 1957. (Spalek 1077).
Hans Marnette. Untersuchungen zum Inhalt-Form-Problem in Ernst Tollers Dramen. Unpub Ph. D Thesis, PĂ€dagogische Hochschule Potsdam, 1963.
19. Marnette p. 4.
Unsere marxistische Literaturwissenschaft geht in ihrer Forschung von den BedĂŒrfnissen des sozialistischen Aufbaus in unserer Republik aus und orientiert daher ihre Arbeit entsprechend den Empfehlungen der fĂŒhrenden Kraft in diesem Aufbau, der Sozialistischen Einheitspartei Deutschlands.
20. In The German Quarterly XXXIX, No. 4 Nov. 1966, pp. 581–598.
21. John M. Spalek, Ernst Toller and his Critics. A Bibliography. Univ. of Virginia 1968. Reprinted by Haskell House Publishers Ltd, New York, 1973.
22. Spalek: Ernst Toller, The Need for a New Estimate pp. 589–591.
23. Tankred Dorst, Toller. Suhrkamp Verlag, Frankfurt/M, 1968.
24. Already in 1966 Dorst had published an anthology of material on the Munich Soviet Republic: Die MĂŒnchner RĂ€terepublik. Zeugnisse und Kommentar. Herausgegeben von Tankred Dorst. Suhrkamp Verlag, Frankfurt/M 1966.
25. Ernst Toller, Gesammelte Werke, in 5 Volumes. Edited by John M Spalek and Wolfgang FrĂŒhwald, Hanser Verlag, MĂŒnchen, Wien, 1978 (cited as GW 1–5).
The title Gesammelte Werke (Collected Works) is misleading as the collection is by no means complete. Major omissions are: Die blinde Göttin, Justiz: Erlebnisse (except for 16 pages of extracts from this book of 145 pages), Quer Durch (except for the section Arbeiten and about 14 pages of extracts on Toller’s visits to USSR and USA), Vormorgen (containing some of Toller’s best poems), the Chorwerke. His short stories are not represented, and we have to be satisfied with selections from his critical and political articles and speeches.
Die Rache des verhöhnten Liebhabers is also omitted.
26. Malcolm Pittock, Ernst Toller, Twayne Publishers, Boston, 1979.
27. Richard Dove, Revolutionary Socialism in the Work of Ernst Toller. Utah Studies in Literature and Linguistics, Vol 26. Peter Lang, New York, Berne, Frankfurt am Main 1986.
28. ibid p. 8.
29. Arbeiten in Quer Durch, 1930. GW1 p. 138.
Jeder Autor will in sein erstes Werk alles, was er weiß, alles was er erlebt hat, hineindrĂ€ngen. Das tat ich auch.
30. GW1 p. 139. das Private, das Lyrische.
31. GW1 p. 137.
damals war er eine notwendige kĂŒnstlerische Form.
32. ibid.

 wollte er diese Umwelt vom Wesen her neu gestalten 
 diese Umwelt 
 wollte er Àndern, ihr ein gerechteres, helleres Gesicht geben.
33. The major exception is Nie wieder Friede.
II THE PLAYS: DIE WANDLUNG TO DIE MASCHINENSTÜRMER
Die Wandlung
1. Michael Ossar, Anarchism in the Dramas of Ernst Toller, Albany, State University of New York Press, 1980. p. 16.
2. Cf. Michel Bataillon: “Par sa fable, Die Wandlung apparaissait comme un Erlebnis-Drama, comme un lch-Drama. Son Ă©conomie interne, sa structure en faisait un Stationen-Drama. Par son Ă©thique, son idĂ©ologie, elle Ă©tait un O Mensch-Drama”.
Michel Bataillon, Die Wandlung de Toller. Un exemple de Stationen-Drama. in L’Expressionisme dans le ThĂ©atre EuropĂ©en. Paris 1971. Editions du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, pp. 153–175. p. 159.
3. G.W. 2 p. 360. 1917 war das Drama (viz. Die Wandlung) fĂŒr mich Flugblatt.
4. ibid. Wenn politisches Flugb...

Table of contents

  1. Cover
  2. Half Title
  3. Title Page
  4. Copyright Page
  5. CONTENTS
  6. Introduction to the Series
  7. List of Plates
  8. Acknowledgements
  9. I Introduction
  10. II The Plays
  11. III Toller’s Use of Language
  12. IV The Plays
  13. V Conclusion
  14. Notes
  15. Bibliography (including audio tapes and archives)
  16. Appendices
  17. Index