Memoirs on Pauperism and Other Writings
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Memoirs on Pauperism and Other Writings

Poverty, Public Welfare, and Inequality

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eBook - ePub

Memoirs on Pauperism and Other Writings

Poverty, Public Welfare, and Inequality

About this book

The collection includes new translations of Tocqueville's works, including the first English translation of his Second Memoir, the original Memoir, a letter fragment considering pauperism in Normandy, and the ''Pauperism in America'' index to the Penitentiary Report.

Alexis de Tocqueville was one of the most important thinkers of the nineteenth century, and his thought continues to influence contemporary political and social discourse. In Memoirs on Pauperism and Other Writings, Christine Dunn Henderson brings all of Tocqueville's writings on poverty together for the first time: a new translation of his original Memoir and the first English translation of his unfinished Second Memoir, as well as his letter considering pauperism in Normandy and the ''Pauperism in America'' appendix to his Penitentiary Report. By uniting these texts in a single volume, Henderson makes possible a deeper exploration of Tocqueville's thought as it pertains to questions of inequality and public assistance. As Henderson shows in her introduction to this collection, Tocqueville provides no easy blueprint for fixing these problems, which remain pressing today. Still, Tocqueville's writings speak eloquently about these issues, and his own unsuccessful struggle to find solutions remains both a spur to creative thinking today and a caution against attempting to find simplistic remedies.

Memoirs on Pauperism and Other Writings allows us to study his sustained thought on pauperism, poverty assistance, governmental assistance programs, and social inequality in a new and deeper way. The insights in these works are important not only for what they tell us about Tocqueville but also for how they help us to think about contemporary social challenges. This collection will be essential not only to students and scholars of Tocqueville's thought, nineteenth-century France, and political economy, but also to all those interested in the issues of public assistance, associative life, voluntary associations, and charities.

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Information

Year
2021
Print ISBN
9780268109059
9780268107215
eBook ISBN
9780268109066
INDEX
agriculture
colonies supporting poor in America, xxvii, 56, 59n29, 64n7 (“Pauperism in America”)
consolidation of farming in England, 14, 30–31
consolidation of farming in Scotland, 30
during feudalism, 5, 7
impact of industrialism on, xvi, 7–8, 9, 13–14, 30–31
job insecurities and risks in, xxvi, 30
and land ownership in France, xxvi–xxvii, 30
solutions to pauperism within, xxvi–xxvii, 29–32, 41–42
statistics in England, 14
in Tocqueville’s stages of societal development, 3–8
See also land ownership
aid. See private charity; public charity
almshouses, 43–44, 51, 63n17, 64n4 (“Pauperism in America”)
aristocracy
form of, seen in industrialism, 33
hierarchical relationships within, xv, 4–7, 57n7
nonessential goods of, xv–xvi, 6–7
provision of charity by, xxx
in Tocqueville’s societal development stages, 4–7
associations. See voluntary associations
Balbi, Albiano, 2, 60n4
Beaumont, Gustave de, xii
begging, 10, 50, 64n3, 64n5 (“Letter on Pauperism in Normandy”)
bonds (savings), 38–39
bread subsidies, xiv
Burke, Edmund
“Thoughts and Details on Scarcity,” 57n4
Catholic Church, 63n16
centralization
in America, 55na
economic dangers of, 39–40
in public charity, xxii
and savings banks, 39–40
tendencies toward, in democracies, xxix
Tocqueville’s opposition to, xxii, xxviii–xxix, 58n19
See also government
children
and illegitimacy concerns, xxi–xxii, 20, 24–25
schools for, xxv, xxxi, 26, 58n25
subsidies for, xiv, 24–25
Christianity, 12
Church of England, xiii, 12–13
comforts
during feudalism, 6–7, 8
impact of industrialism on, 8–9
in psychology of desire, xvii–xviii
See also desires
Couppey, Joseph Laurent, 5, 60n10
Creuse department (France), 2, 60n5
criminality
impact of voluntary associations on, 49–50
links between pauperism and, xii, 20
as unintended consequence of public charity, xxi
decentralization, xxviii–xxix, 58n19. See also government; local governance and action
democracies
dangers of individualism in, 59n35, 61n20
decentralization needed in, xxviii–xxix, 58n19
distinctiveness of Tocqueville’s analysis of, xi–xii
dynamic economy in, xvi–xvii
generating feelings of weakness and isolation, xxix, xxxi
as inevitable future, xii
perpetual change and innovation in, 58n8
psychology of equality in, xvii–xviii
role of local governance to, xxii, xxviii–xxix, 58n19, 59n2
role of voluntary associations in, xii, xxiv–xxv, xxviii–xxix, 36, 59n2, 61n21
soft despotism in, xxix, xxx–xxxi, 58n8
tendencies toward centralization in, xxix
Democracy in America (Tocqueville)
continuities with Memoir on Pauperism, xii
contrasting egoism with individualism, 58n12, 61n20
on democratic soul characteristics, 61n17
on economic dynamism, xvi–xvii, 59n26
ending warning of dangers, xxxii
on equality, xv, xvii
impact of Penitentiary Report on, xii
on importance of voluntary associations, xii, xxxiii, 58n19
on local action and governance, xii, 58n19
on local political participation countering individualism, xxxii–xxxiii
psychology in, xii
relation between laws and mores in, 58n18
rights praised in, xix
on role of mores in preserving liberty, 60n8
on soft despotism, xxix
Tocqueville remembered for, xi
on voluntary associations-government relationship, xxix
desires
during feudalism, 6–7
impact of industrialism on, 8–9
psychology of, xvii–xviii, 10–11
in stages of societal development, 3–7
turning into needs, xv–xviii, 7–11
despotism. See soft despotism
Discourse on the Origin of Inequality (Rousseau), xv
Drescher, Seymour, xxix
Dupin, Charles, 41, 62n11
economy
dangers of centralization in, 39–40
dynamism of, xvi–xvii, 59n26
static views of, xvi–xvii
uncertainties in modern, xxvii
education, xxv, xxxi, 26, 58n25
egoism, 58n12, 61n20
Eliz...

Table of contents

  1. Title
  2. Copyrights
  3. Contents
  4. Acknowledgments
  5. A Note on the Texts
  6. Introduction
  7. Memoir on Pauperism (1835)
  8. Second Memoir on Pauperism (1837)
  9. Letter on Pauperism in Normandy
  10. Pauperism in America (1833)
  11. Notes
  12. Index

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