Selected Applications of Modern FT-IR Techniques

Nishikida

• Publisher: CRC Press
• Year: 2019
• Print ISBN:
  9780367848224
• eBook ISBN:
  9781351417105
• Topic: Physical Sciences
• Subtopic: Analytic Chemistry

This volume is intended to show beginners in modern Fourier Transform-Infrared analysis which technique of infrared analysis should be selected and how to use it to obtain certain information from the most common samples brought into research and analytical laboratories in production industries.

Preface

This volume is intended to show beginners in modern Fourier Transform-Infrared (IR) analysis which technique of infrared analysis should be selected and how to use it to obtain certain information from the most common samples brought into research and analytical laboratories in production industries such as the polymer, semiconductor, and pharmaceutical industries. As the present authors were involved in many discussions, demonstrations, and collaborations regarding infrared analysis with a variety of Fourier Transform-IR prospects and users, they realized the need for a guidebook for beginners in infrared analysis. The authors had accumulated experience in a wide range of infrared applications through day-to-day work, and decided to write such a guidebook for beginners.

The original version was published in Japanese by two (K.N. and E.N.) of the authors in 1990 as a manual for laboratory technicians and analytical chemists who had newly started working with the Fourier Transform-IR system. Because K.N. had published another volume on infrared analysis with Dr Reikichi Iwamoto, the original version, which served as the data book for the present monograph, had only simplified explanations of the instrument and accessories. When K.N. was transferred from the sales office in Japan to the Infrared Product Department of the Perkin-Elmer Corporation in the U.S.A. in 1991, we decided to translate the original version into English, fortifying Part I with more theoretical and practical descriptions of infrared techniques. In addition, we added chapters on infrared microspectroscopy and chemometrics, because those two subjects have become more important.

This volume is divided into two parts. The first section of Part I describes the hardware of Fourier Transform-Infrared spectrometers and offers guidelines on how to select instrument settings, and Section 2 of Part I is concerned with theoretical and practical aspects of infrared techniques such as IR-microscopy, ATR, diffuse reflection, specular reflection, photoacoustic detection, and emission spectroscopy as well as data handling techniques. Part II consists of about 90 examples of analyses using these infrared techniques. For some samples, we selected multiple techniques to obtain different information from the same sample. In some applications, we have shown some spectral artifacts due to improper use of the techniques in order to show the importance of understanding the optical processes of such infrared techniques. In some applications, for example, chemometric applications which usually require a large numbers of standards, we have shown very simplified experiments to make the application more understandable.

Although many applications written in this book are more or less well established methods to characterize samples and have been published elsewhere by many pioneers in Fourier Transform-IR spectroscopy and by pioneers even before the modern Fourier Transform-IR spectrometers became available, we have included some previously unpublished new technical data we have developed. For instance, migration of the lubricant of hard disk media is sometimes discussed but not fully understood. The data shown in this book will prove that the lubricant migrates due to centrifugal force. A Gel Permeation Chromatography-IR technique, which is one of the operation modes of Liquid Chromatography-IR technique, is not well documented so far. However, it has excellent applicability in polymer characterizations, as shown by some of the applications in this book.

Readers may be surprised by some negative comments regarding some techniques. We have included examples of improper use of certain techniques to certain samples, for example, diffuse reflection method applied to the analysis of thin layer chromatography spots. All of the experiments were performed by the authors, except for a few cases where the data were obtained from colleagues. The reader can follow the method described in this book to obtain spectra at least as good as those shown, even on samples which are not explicitly used in this text. However, in order to understand the applications, the reader should read the original papers cited.

We wish to thank Dr Reikichi Iwamoto, the Director-General of the Government Industrial Research Institute, Osaka Agency of Industrial Science and Technology of MITI, for allowing us to summarize a large portion of the chapter on ATR technique written in the monograph he published with K.N.

We are grateful to those who donated samples; the late Dr Nobukatsu Fujino of Kyushu Denshi Kinzoku Co. Ltd., Dr Michiya Fujiki of Nippon Telefax and Telephone Co. Ltd., Mr Kazuhiro Yamada of Yokohama Tires and Rubber Co. Ltd., and Mr Eiji Hosoda of Tokyo Ink Co. Ltd. Mr Senya Inoue and Mr Jyunji Furuhashi of Kanto Kagaku Co. Ltd. gave us permission to use unpublished data. Dr J. McClelland of MTEC Corp. contributed interesting Photoacoustic data on fibers and degraded polymer film. Drs Richard Spragg, Ruppert Aries, and D. Lidiard of Perkin-Elmer Ltd., U.K., provided valuable data on chemometrics and Drs David Schiering, and Brian McGrattan and Gregory McClure of Perkin-Elmer Corp., U.S.A., provided data on microscopy and hyphenated techniques, respectively. We are also grateful to Mr Mitsuhiko Morimoto, Mr Noriyasu Niiya, Miss Sakae Niimi, and Miss Takako Tokura for their technical assistance.

While the translation and revision of the book was in progress, R.W.H. retired from the Perkin-Elmer Corporation and E.N. left at Perkin-Elmer Japan and moved to Nicolet-Japan. As a result publication was delayed more than a year, causing difficulties for the publisher. The authors express their sincere gratitude to Mr Ippei Ohta of Kodansha Scientific Ltd., Tokyo, Japan for his patience and encouragement throughout the translation of this work.

Koichi Nishikida

Etsuo Nishio

Robert W. Hannah

June, 1995

Part I
Fundamentals

1. Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) System

1.1 Principle o...

Table of contents

• Cover Page
• Half Title
• Title Page
• Copyright Page
• Contents
• Preface
• A Diagram to Classify Polymers by IR Spectra
• Index