An International Dictionary of Adult and Continuing Education

Peter Jarvis

• Publisher: Routledge
• Year: 2004
• Print ISBN: 9781138385443
• eBook ISBN: 9781135725914
• Edition: 2
• Topic: Education
• Subtopic: Adult Education

Containing over 5000 essential references to people, organisations, words and concepts in the field of adult education, this thorough and comprehensive volume represents the standard reference for anyone seeking information on the education of adults.

Cc

cable television Local television system delivered by cable, ie narrow casting, rather than broadcasting.

calendar Diary of events, often the forthcoming year’s events of an educational institution.

calisthenics Rhythmical method of physical education, without using apparatus.

calligraphy The art of beautiful handwriting using special pens; a popular adult education course.

Campaign for Learning A national campaign about lifelong learning organized by the Royal Society of Arts in the United Kingdom.

campus The site of a school, college or university, usually self-contained and distinctly separate from the outside community. In the United States it also refers to training sites for business centres.

candidate A graduate student in the United States who has passed the qualifying examinations and has been granted permission to commence dissertation study.

capitation fee The amount of money that an educational institution may have to pay to a central body per student fee.

career 1. A path through life, or through an organization, eg through a period of academic study, or one’s occupational history. Sometimes referred to as a career path. 2. The occupation or profession chosen to be one’s lifetime vocation.

career education 1. A process designed to relate the curriculum to the work demands of society. 2. The form of education and training during which individuals are prepared for their chosen occupation or profession.

career guidance The process of offering advice and guidance to people about their career.

career path An individual’s occupational history. See career.

careers officer An employee of an educational institution or authority responsible for providing information and guidance about careers to students.

careers service This service was commenced to assist school-leavers and now students leaving higher education with advice about future work opportunities, but the service throughout the United Kingdom has expanded its work and frequently offers a service to adults as well.

caretaker Person employed to clean and maintain the educational premises.

Carnegie unit See credit unit.

case analysis Discussion of either an actual or a prepared case study which helps participants understand more deeply the problems and issues of professional practice.

case book method An approach to instruction based upon the idea of constructing a number of case studies and recording them in a single book. Frequently used in legal education.

case history An educational aid consisting of a written description of an event, incident, or situation used as a basis for discussion and problem-solving. See also case study.

case study 1. The type of project often employed in professional education in which the learner selects (or has selected) an actual situation in professional practice and has to prepare a report upon it for discussion and assessment. 2. In educational research, the concept is more confused since the case study is both the process of learning about a case and the product of the learning.

case study method A research process to study, analyse and report findings from an empirical investigation of a case study.

catalogue An information booklet, usually published by institutions to publicise their list of courses. See also brochure, prospectus.

catechism Instruction through a series of questions and answers, especially of a religious text, based upon correct answers being given to the text which has been learned.

catechist One who has the designated role of teaching the catechism.

catechize 1. To teach or examine through a series of questions and answers. 2. To give oral instruction in Christianity. 3. To put questions to someone.

category 1. A logical grouping based upon specified criteria. 2. A specific product or finding resulting from qualitative research.

causality The theories that seek to explain the relationship between cause and effect.

ceiling and floor The top and bottom marks or grades in a test may be referred to in this manner.

centralization The process of concentrating authority and decision-making in the centre, or at the top of the hierarchy, of an organization.

central tendency A statistical concept referring to the fact that most frequency distributions appear to be around a mid-point score.

certificat en andragogie (Canada) An undergraduate-level award of the University of Montreal since 1969, when it was the first French-speaking university in Canada to recognize andragogy as a field of academic study.

certificate 1. A legal document which specifies that a person or agency may perform stipulated services. 2. An award from an educational institution indicating that an individual has successfully completed a prescribed course or programme. 3. A university award of a certificate is usually regarded in the United Kingdom as equivalent to one year’s full-time undergraduate study. 4. A postgraduate certificate awarded by some British universities is regarded as one-third of a Master’s degree, equivalent to one year of part-time study.

certificate of attendance A document certifying attendance of the bearer at a course, but having no academic validity.

certificate of competency A document specifying that the bearer has reached a certain specified standard and has demonstrated it by test or examination.

certificate of completion A document issued specifying that the bearer has completed a part or whole of a course. It does not have to specify that the bearer has been tested for competency.

Certificate of Education (Cert. Ed.) 1. The academic award for a one-year full-time or a two-year part-time course in further or higher education. 2. It was the award that school teachers gained on qualification in the United Kingdom, before school teaching became a graduate profession.

Certificate of High School Equivalency A formal document issued by individual State Departments of Education in the United States certifying that the bearer has met the requirements for high school graduation on the General Educational Development tests. It is an official document accepted by some, but not all, colleges, universities, and employers. Often called GED.

Certificate of prevocational education Introduced into the United Kingdom in 1986. A one year course for a wide ability range of young people of 16 years of age and older who do not intend to progress to the General Schools certificates.

certificate renewal The re-issue of a certificate at a given time when the previous one has expired. The bearer has to demonstrate that the conditions for renewal have been met.

certification The process whereby an awarding agency grants a credential to a person.

chain In learning theory, the series of responses and stimuli arising from an initial stimulus.

chain learning See chain.

chain of response model (COR) A theoretical model of participation in organized education developed by Patricia Cross (see her book Adults as Learners), incorporating a number of factors that stem from other research. It is a theoretical model designed to identify relevant variables and to hypothesize their interrelationship.

chair 1. A teaching or research professorship, often endowed. 2. The head of a department in an American college or university.

chalk and talk A rather derogatory term to refer to the teaching method whereby teachers use their own speech and writing on a chalkboard or whiteboard as the only teaching aids accompanying their input, having little or no student participation.

chalkboard A board on which a teacher/tutor can write with chalk, eg blackboard, greenboard, etc.

chancellor The highest office in an institution of higher education. In many instances in the United Kingdom, this is an honorary position.

change agent An individual who introduces, or is a catalyst in, organizational change, ie changes in culture, procedures, structures, etc. Change agents might be human resource developers, managers, consultants, leaders, or merely experts, etc.

channels of communication 1. A term that is used to refer to the fact that people receive their sense experiences through a number of different senses, or channels, so that there can be a compensation if one of the senses is in any way defective. 2. In organizational terms, this refers to those routes through which messages are expected to go to reach the different people, although there are informal routes which are often more effective.

chaplain A representative of a church or churches attached to an educational institution to serve the religious needs of staff and students.

characteristic A trait, often used in personality theory to depict a pattern of behaviour.

charisma 1. Personal quality or gift that enables a person to inspire and influence others. See also personality. 2. A sociological term that is used to describe a person or leader who has the characteristic of inspiring others to follow. It is not necessarily a personal characteristic, shared by each person, since the actual authority of charisma ultimately resides in the followers and they can both give or withdraw their allegiance.

charitable foundation An organization established to administer a fund which is subject to the laws of charities.

Chartists A movement of working people in the early part of the nineteenth century, mostly in the midlands and north of England, in which adult education was widely used as a means of propagating their ideas. This was especially used with the Christian Chartist groups.

Chautauqua Established in 1874 on the shore of Chautauqua Lake in the United States as a summer school programme for Sunday School teachers by Dr John Vincent and Lewis Miller but this soon expanded beyond Sunday School teachers. By 1878, a general adult education programme was offered on a national scale through the newly established Chautauqua Literary and Scientific Circle (CLSC).

Chautauqua Literary and Scientific Circle Established in 1879, it was established as an arm of Chautauqua, and it initiated its first correspondence education, which b...

Table of contents

• Cover
• Full Title
• Copyright
• Preface
• Preface
• Aa
• Bb
• Cc
• Dd
• Ee
• Ff
• Gg
• Hh
• Ii
• Jj
• Kk
• Ll
• Mm
• Nn
• Oo
• Pp
• Qq
• Rr
• Ss
• Tt
• Uu
• Vv
• Ww
• Yy
• Zz