Newnes Engineering Science Pocket Book

John Bird

• Publisher: Routledge
• Year: 2012
• Print ISBN: 9780750649919
• eBook ISBN: 9781136376306
• Topic: Technology & Engineering
• Subtopic: Engineering General
• Index: Technology & Engineering

Newnes Engineering Science Pocket Book is a uniquely versatile and practical tool for a wide range of engineers and students. All the fundamentals of electrical and mechanical engineering science and physics are covered, with an emphasis on concise descriptions, key methods, clear diagrams, formulae and how to use them. John Bird's presentations of this core material puts all the answers at your fingertips. The contents of this book have been carefully matched to the latest Further and Higher Education syllabuses so that it can also be used as a revision guide or a quick-access source of underpinning knowledge. Students on competence-based courses such as NVQs will find this approach particularly refreshing and practical. This book and its companion title, Newnes Engineering Mathematics Pocket Book, provide the underpinning knowledge for the whole range of engineering communities catered for by the Newnes Pocket Book series. These related titles include: Newnes Mechanical Engineer's Pocket Book (Timings) Newnes Electrical Pocket Book (Reeves) Newnes Electronic Engineer's Pocket Book (Carr & Brindley) Newnes Radio and RF Engineer's Pocket Book (Carr & Davies) Newnes Telecommunications Engineer's Pocket Book (Winder) Previous editions of Newnes Engineering Science Pocket Book were published under the title Newnes Engineering and Physical Science Pocket Book.

Part One General Engineering Science

1 SI Units

DOI: 10.4324/9780080479705-1

Units

The system of units used in engineering and science is the Système Internationale d’Unités (International system of units), usually abbreviated to SI units, and is based on the metric system. This was introduced in 1960 and is now adopted by the majority of countries as the official system of measurement.

The basic units in the S.I. system are listed below with their symbols:

Quantity	Unit
length	metre, m
mass	kilogram, kg
time	second, s
electric current	ampere, A
thermodynamic temperature	kelvin, K
luminous intensity	candela, cd
amount of substance	mole, mol

Prefixes

S.I. units may be made larger or smaller by using prefixes that denote multiplication or division by a particular amount. The six most common multiples, with their meaning, are listed below:

Prefix	Name	Meaning
T	tera	multiply by 1 000 000 000 000	(i.e. × 10^12)
G	giga	multiply by 1000 000 000	(i.e.× 10^9)
M	mega	multiply by 1 000 000	(i.e × 10^6)
k	kilo	multiply by 1 000	(i.e × 10^3)
m	milli	divide by 1 000	(i.e × 10^–3)
μ	micro	divide by 1 000 000	(i.e × 10^–6)
n	nano	divide by 1 000000 000	(i.e × 10^–9)
P	pico	divide by 1 000 000 000 000	(i.e × 10^–12)

Length, area, volume and mass

Length is the distance between two points. The standard unit of length is the metre, although the centimetre, cm, millimetre, mm and kilometre, km, are often used.

1 cm=10 mm,1 m=10 cm=1000 mm and 1 km=1000 m

Area is a measure of the size or extent of a plane surface and is measured by multiplying a length by a length. If the lengths are in metres then the unit of area is the square metre, m²

1m2=1m×1m=100cm×100cm=1000cm2or104cm=1000mm×1000m=1000000mm2or106mm2

Conversely, 1 cm² = 10^–4 m² and 1 mm² = 10^–6 m²

Volume is a measure of the space occupied by a solid and is measured by multiplying a length by a length by a length. If the lengths are in metres then the unit of volume is in cubic metres, m³

1m2=1m×1m×1m=100cm×100cm×100cm=106cm3=1000mm×100mm×1000mm=109mm3

Conversely, 1 cm³ = 10 ⁻⁶ m³ and 1 mm³ = 10 ⁻⁹ m³

Another unit used to measure volume, particularly with liquids, is the litre, l, where 1 l = 1000 cm³

Mass is the amount of matter in a body and is measured in kilograms, kg.

1kg=1000g(or conversely,1 g =10−3kg)and1 tonne (t)=1000 kg

Derived SI Units

Derived SI units use combinations of basic units and there are many of them.

Two examples are:

Velocity−metres per second(m/s)Accelerat...

Table of contents

• Cover Page
• Half Title Page
• Title Page
• Copyright Page
• Contents
• Preface
• Part One General Engineering Science
• 1 SI Units
• 2 Density
• 3 Scalar and Vector Quantities
• 4 Atomic Structure of Matter
• 5 Chemical Reactions
• 6 Standard Quantity Symbols and their Units
• Part Two Mechanical Engineering and Physical Science
• 7 Speed and Velocity
• 8 Acceleration
• 9 Force, Mass and Acceleration
• 10 Centre of Gravity and Equilibrium
• 11 Forces Acting at a Point
• 12 Simply Supported Beams
• 13 Shearing Force and Bending Moments
• 14 Bending Stress
• 15 Linear and Angular Motion
• 16 Friction
• 17 Waves
• 18 Interference and Diffraction
• 19 Light Rays
• 20 Work, Energy and Power
• 21 Potential and Kinetic Energy
• 22 Simple Machines
• 23 The Effects of Forces on Materials
• 24 Tensile Testing
• 25 Hardness and Impact Tests
• 26 Measurement of Strain
• 27 Linear Momentum and Impulse
• 28 Torque
• 29 Heat Energy
• 30 Thermal Expansion
• 31 The Measurement of Temperature
• 32 Pressure in Fluids
• 33 Measurement of Pressure
• 34 Ideal gas Laws
• 35 Properties of Water and Steam
• 36 Surface Tension and Viscosity
• 37 Fluids in Motion
• 38 Measurement of Fluid Flow
• 39 Simple Harmonic Motion and Natural Vibrations
• Part Three Electrical Engineering Science
• 40 An Introduction to Electric Circuits
• 41 Resistance Variation
• 42 Chemical Effects of Electricity
• 43 Series and Parallel Networks
• 44 Capacitors and Capacitance
• 45 Magnetic Circuits
• 46 Magnetic Materials
• 47 Electromagnetism
• 48 Electromagnetic Induction and Inductance
• 49 Magnetically Coupled Circuits
• 50 Electrical Measuring Instruments and Measurements
• 51 Semiconductor Diodes
• 52 Transistors
• 53 D.c. Circuit Theory
• 54 Alternating Voltages and Currents
• 55 Single-phase Series a.c. Circuits
• 56 Single-phase Parallel a.c. Circuits
• 57 D.c. Transients
• 58 Operational Amplifiers
• 59 Three-phase Systems
• 60 Transformers
• 61 D.c. Machines
• 62 A.c. Motors
• 63 Revision of Complex Numbers
• 64 Application of Complex Numbers to Series a.c. Circuits
• 65 Application of Complex Numbers to Parallel a.c. Networks
• 66 Power in a.c. Circuits and Power Factor Improvement
• 67 A.c. Bridges
• 68 Series Resonance and Q-factor
• 69 Parallel Resonance and Q-factor
• 70 Introduction to Network Analysis
• 71 Mesh-current and Nodal Analysis
• 72 The Superposition Theorem
• 73 Thévenin's and Norton's Theorems
• 74 Delta-star and Star-delta Transformations
• 75 Maximum Power Transfer Theorems and Impedance Matching
• 76 Complex Waveforms
• 77 A Numerical Method of Harmonic Analysis
• 78 Dielectrics and Dielectric Loss
• 79 Field Theory
• 80 Attenuators
• 81 Filter Networks
• 82 Modulation
• 83 Transmission Lines
• Index