MCQs for the FRCS(Urol) and Postgraduate Urology Examinations

Manit Arya, Taimur T. Shah, Jas S. Kalsi, Herman S. Fernando, Iqbal S. Shergill, Asif Muneer, Hashim U. Ahmed, Manit Arya, Taimur T. Shah, Jas S. Kalsi, Herman S. Fernando, Iqbal S. Shergill, Asif Muneer, Hashim U. Ahmed

• Publisher: CRC Press
• Year: 2020
• eBook ISBN:
  9780429664397
• Topic: Medicine
• Subtopic: Dentistry

The aim of this book is to provide a selection of representative MCQs together with a detailed explanation of each answer covering the topic in depth. Each chapter has been written by experienced Urological surgeons who have already been successful in passing the examination.

The scope of this book will be an invaluable addition to individuals sitting the FEBU and similar exams in the USA, Australia and Asian countries. Established consultants may also find the text useful as a 'refresher' in areas outside their subspecialist interest.

CHAPTER 1: ANATOMY & EMBRYOLOGY

Ali Tasleem and Adam Alleemudder

MCQs

Q1. Anatomy of the ureter. Which one is TRUE?

A. Along its course, the ureter passes in front of the gonadal vessels and behind the bifurcation of the common iliac vessels.

B. The wall of the ureter has three layers.

C. The ureter originates in front of the renal artery.

D. The blood supply to the ureter includes the middle rectal artery.

E. There are two areas of narrowing along the length of the ureter.

Q2. Anatomy of the renal vasculature. Which one is TRUE?

A. The posterior segmental artery is formed after entering the renal hilum.

B. Arcuate arteries give rise to interlobar arteries.

C. There are four anterior segmental arteries.

D. PUJ obstruction may be caused by an anterior segmental artery.

E. The left renal vein passes in front of the superior mesenteric artery to reach the IVC.

Q3. Which one of the following is TRUE regarding the adrenal glands?

A. The right gland is round in shape and lies lower than the left.

B. The zona fasciculata produces sex hormones.

C. The cortex contains chromaffin cells, which produce catecholamines.

D. The blood supply to the adrenal gland includes the inferior phrenic artery.

E. Postganglionic sympathetic fibres directly innervate the adrenal glands.

Q4. Anatomy of the penis. Which one of the following is TRUE?

A. The corpus spongiosum is attached to the inferior ischiopubic rami at the root of the penis.

B. The cavernosal artery supplies the urethra, glans and spongiosum.

C. Buck’s fascia is continuous with Colles’ fascia in the perineum.

D. The cavernosal nerve provides sensory supply to the penile skin.

E. The arcuate subpubic ligament helps to maintain the erect penis in an upright position.

Q5. Anatomy of the anterior abdominal wall and fascial layers. Which one of the following is TRUE?

A. The aponeuroses all pass in front of the rectus muscle at the level of the umbilicus.

B. Pyramidalis muscle acts to stabilise the linea alba and keep it taut.

C. The internal oblique originates from the anterior aspect of the lower eight ribs.

D. The deep inguinal ring is medial to the inferior epigastric artery.

E. Camper’s fascia lines the scrotum and perineum.

Q6. Embryology of the gonads. Which one of the following is TRUE?

A. The genital ridges develop during the 12th week.

B. In female embryos, Müllerian Inhibiting Substance causes regression of the paramesonephric duct.

C. Sertoli cells secrete testosterone that plays a role in embryogenesis.

D. Hydatid of Morgagni is a remnant of the paramesonephric duct.

E. The testes reach the inguinal region by the 24th week.

Q7. Anatomy of the kidneys. Which one of the following is TRUE?

A. The left kidney lies between L1 and L3.

B. The dromedary hump on the medial aspect of the kidney is more common on the right.

C. The lower pole of the kidney is more medial and posterior than the upper pole.

D. Gerota’s fascia surrounds the kidney except medially where there is a potential open space.

E. The main lymphatic drainage from the left kidney is into the lateral paraaortic nodes.

Q8. Which of the following is TRUE regarding the prostate?

A. The prostate gland develops from the distal nephric ducts.

B. The majority of cancers originate from the central zone.

C. Fibromuscular stroma makes up 70% of the prostate.

D. The blood supply to the prostate is from the pudendal artery.

E. The glandular elements drain into the urethra at the verumontanum.

Q9. Regarding the bladder, which of the following is FALSE?

A. The urachus is the remnant of the allantois.

B. During filling, the bladder neck rises upwards.

C. The ureters are surrounded by the Sheath of Waldeyer.

D. The middle circular and outer longitudinal fibres are deficient around the bladder neck in women.

E. The urothelium overlying the trigone is thinnest.

Q10. Regarding the urethra, which of the following is TRUE?

A. Transitional cell epithelium lines the length of the urethra.

B. The external urethral sphincter is supplied by the cavernosal nerve.

C. Bulbourethral glands open into the membranous urethra.

D. The external sphincter completely surrounds the urethra in women.

E. Skene glands release mucus into the vestibule in women.

EMQs

Q11. Anatomy of the female organs

1. Infundibulum of uterine tube

2. Ampulla of uterine tube

3. Broad ligament

4. Round ligament

5. Mesovarium ligament

6. Suspensory ligament

7. Uterine artery

8. Ovarian artery

9. Vaginal artery

10. Cardinal ligament

For each of the descriptions below, choose the most appropriate structure from the list above.

A. Site of fertilisation of the ovum

B. Connects the uterus to the pelvic side wall

C. Attaches the ovary to the broad ligament

D. Attaches the ovary to the pelvic wall

E. Attaches the ovary to the uterus

F. Surrounded by fimbriae

G. Branch of the internal iliac artery

H. Runs in the suspensory ligament

I. Branches also supply the fallopian tubes

J. Connects the cervix with the lateral pelvic wall

Q12. Embryology of the urinary system

1. Pronephros

2. Mesonephros

3. Metanephros

4. Cloaca

5. Mesonephric duct

6. Seminal vesicles

7. Intermediate mesoderm

8. Nephrogenic cord

9. Ureteric bud

10. Urogenital sinus

11. Paramesonephric duct

For each of the descriptions below, choose the most appropriate structure from the list above.

A. Temporary functional unit that regresses by the 8th week of gestation

B. Non-functioning unit that develops in the 3rd week of gestation

C. Becomes the definitive kidney

D. Unsegmented intermediate mesoderm

E. Develops adjacent to the nephrogenic cord during the 4th week

F. Common mesodermal ridge that gives rise to the three overlapping kidney structures

G. Arises from the mesonephric duct to give rise to the renal pelvis and calyces

H. Drains urine from the intermediate mesoderm and mesonephric duct

I. Forms from the mesonephric duct

J. Embryological origin of the bladder and urethra

K. Becomes the uterus, fallopian tubes and upper two-thirds of the vagina

Q13. Anatomy of the pelvis and perineum.

1. False pelvis

2. True pelvis

3. Obturator nerve

4. Sacrotuberous and sacrospinous

5. Obturator internus

6. Levator ani and coccygeus

7. Puborectalis

8. Perineal body

9. Urogenital hiatus

10. Superficial perineal pouch

For each of the descriptions below, choose the most appropriate structure from the list above.

A. Provides sensation to the medial aspect of the upper thigh and motor innervations to the adductors of the leg

B. Divides the sciatic foramen into lesser and greater parts

C. Root of penis originates from this area

D. Allows the urethra to pass through the pelvic floor

E. Bounded by the lumbar vertebrae, iliacus and anterior abdominal wall

F. Forms the pelvic floor

G. Passes through the lesser sciatic foramen and attaches to the femur

H. Bounded by pubic symphysis, iliopectineal lines and sacral promontory

I. Focal attachment point for the pelvic floor muscles and fascia

J. Forms part of levator ani

Q14. Anatomy of the nervous system.

1. Somatic nervous system

2. Autonomic nervous system

3. Superior hypogastric plexus

4. Somatic lumbosacral plexus

5. Iliohypogastric nerve

6. Obturator nerve

7. Ilioinguinal nerve

8. Femoral nerve

9. Genitofemoral nerve

10. Lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh

For each of the descriptions below, choose the most appropriate structure from the list above.

A. Superior branch of the anterior rami of L1

B. Disruption causes retrograde ejaculation

C. Passes under the inguinal ligament to supply quadriceps

D. Involved in the cremasteric reflex

E. Provides sensation to the anterior scrotum

F. Originates from the anterior rami of L2 to L3

G. Supplies smooth muscle

H. Provides sensory innervations to medial aspect of thigh

I. Supplies skeletal muscle

J. Originate from L1 to S3

Q15. Great vessels

1. Inferior phrenic artery

2. Celiac trunk

3. Renal artery

4. Middle sacral

5. External iliac artery

6. Accessory obturator artery

7. Internal pudendal artery

8. Umbilical artery...

Table of contents

• Cover
• Half Title
• Title Page
• Copyright Page
• Table of Contents
• Editors
• Contributors
• Introduction
• CHAPTER 1: ANATOMY & EMBRYOLOGY
• CHAPTER 2: RENAL PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
• CHAPTER 3: BASIC SCIENCE AND MOLECULAR ONCOLOGY
• CHAPTER 4: STATISTICS, RESEARCH AND GOVERNANCE
• CHAPTER 5: IMAGING AND PRINCIPLES OF URO-RADIOLOGY
• CHAPTER 6: PROSTATE CANCER
• CHAPTER 7: BLADDER CANCER
• CHAPTER 8: RENAL CANCER
• CHAPTER 9: TESTICULAR CANCER
• CHAPTER 10: PENILE CANCER
• CHAPTER 11: ANDROLOGY
• CHAPTER 12: BENIGN PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA (BPH) AND LOWER URINARY TRACT SYMPTOMS (LUTS)
• CHAPTER 13: FEMALE AND FUNCTIONAL UROLOGY
• CHAPTER 14: UROLOGICAL TRAUMA
• CHAPTER 15: NEUROUROLOGY
• CHAPTER 16: UROLITHIASIS
• CHAPTER 17: URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS (UTI)
• CHAPTER 18: PAEDIATRIC UROLOGY
• Index