Producing for TV and Emerging Media

A Real-World Approach for Producers

Dustin Morrow, Kacey Morrow

• Publisher: Routledge
• Year: 2020
• Print ISBN: 9780367424541
• eBook ISBN: 9781000098334
• Topic: Media & Performing Arts
• Subtopic: Film & Video

Gain a thorough understanding of the nuanced and multidimensional role producers play in television and emerging media today to harness the creative, technical, interpersonal, and financial skills essential for success in this vibrant and challenging field.

Producing for TV and New Media, Fourth edition is your guide to avoiding the obstacles and pitfalls commonly encountered by new and aspiring producers. This fourth edition has been updated to include:

• "Focus on Emerging Media" sections that highlight emerging media, web video, mobile format media and streaming media
• Sample production forms and contracts
• Review questions accompanying each interview and chapter
• Interviews with industry professionals that offer practical insight into cutting-edge developments in television and emerging media production
• Fresh analysis of emerging media technologies and streaming media markets

Written especially for new and aspiring producers with an insight that simply cannot be found in any other book, this new edition of a text used by professors and professionals alike is an indispensable resource for anyone looking to find success as a television or emerging media producer.

CHAPTER

1What Does a TV Producer Really Do?

This Chapter’s Talking Points

• IThe Producer’s Domain
• IIDefining a TV and Emerging Media Producer
• IIIThe Many Roles of a Producer
• IVProducers’ Titles and Job Descriptions
• VThe Need for People Skills
• VIFocus on Emerging Media

I. The Producer’s Domain

Television has affected—and reflected—the culture of global communications for over a half-century. And now, the explosion of emerging media is demonstrating a similar impact, as it bursts onto the scene with innovative possibilities and real challenges. Even the very word itself, “television,” takes on new meaning. As we enter this extraordinary era of media transition, traditional television programming, viewing habits, advertising models, and delivery systems must inevitably change with the times.

TV and its emerging media counterparts must be fed, and it’s the producer who feeds them. The producer is central to every aspect of a project—from the wisp of an idea to a tangible piece of work. In theory, a producer has unlimited potential to educate and entertain. But the trade-offs are intensive hours, stressful demands, and myriad responsibilities.

The demands of viewers and the appetites of commerce require a continuing stream of unique programming, or content, for television and emerging media to survive. This content can range from sitcoms on NBC and TV movies on Lifetime, to internal corporate training videos for IBM, or segments for CNN cable news; from one-minute “webisodes” for mobile devices, or an intricate video game, to 24/7 content for online channels—regardless of the delivery system, each of these content formats has a producer in charge. The producer must satisfy both the client and the viewer, and utilize the talents of the cast and crew, manage the budget, possibly write the script, and master dozens of skill sets.

A producer’s job description combines art with craft, commerce with technology, and leadership with collaboration. There is arguably a producer’s personality and mindset that comes with the territory; some people who want to be producers are naturals; others may simply not be right for the job. So, whether you become a producer, or work with producers, or simply want to adopt a valuable producer’s skill set, you can start by exploring the many layers of responsibility and creativity involved in producing. This chapter, as well as those that follow, examines the producer’s vast domain, its benefits and challenges, and reveals what a producer needs to know about the many phases of a project’s development.

I love bringing talented people together. There’s no greater feeling than standing on a shoot, sitting in an edit, or watching the final product on TV, knowing that you as the producer pulled together an incredible, hard-working group of people to create something.

Justin Wilkes, excerpt from interview in Chapter 11

An effective producer is a multitasker, regardless of the content or its delivery system. A producer might not only research, write, and produce a program or segment, but might also shoot it, edit the footage on a desktop system, mix the audio, design and add graphics, or write and record narration or voice-over. The increasing availability and low cost of equipment, along with decreasing budgets, make these skills both valuable and necessary to the producer.

A producer’s talents cover a broad spectrum—from creative to technological, from the first hint of an idea to its final broadcast, from finding finances to marketing. In this chapter and throughout the book, we’ll explore the producer’s role: finding, writing, developing, and pitching an idea; budgeting a script; negotiating a deal; securing financing; planning, shooting, and editing; and creating a team of talented people with great attitudes.

Producers are risk takers, who seize an idea, run with it, and convince others to follow them.

Gorham Kindem, The Moving Image

Clearly, this book can’t cover each detail of every producer’s job, although most major points are discussed. For everything you’ll explore in the following chapters, there are dozens of books, websites, and seminars that target these specifics in more detail. Each bit of knowledge adds to the producer’s arsenal. A good producer never stops learning.

II. Defining a TV and Emerging Media Producer

I’m a producer. I do whatever is necessary to turn an idea into a finished product. That means at different times I’ve been a salesman, director, film editor, casting director, creative consultant. I’ve even driven the bus.

David L Wolper, Producer: A Memoir

Without a producer, there is no project. The producer propels the project from an unformed idea to final broadcast or download. He can nurture the project from conception to distribution and might also be the writer, director, and/or the source of the financing. At various stages of production, he may bring in other producers who can help in handling the hundreds of details that need supervision or polish.

The producer is usually the first one on a project and the last one off. She is essentially the overall project supervisor. She gets the project off the ground, and then supervises every step of its development and production. Not every producer originates the idea; often, a producer is hired to work with a network or production company after an idea has been created and sold. Some producers do it all themselves, others are part of a producing team. It’s work that’s exciting and exhausting.

The job of a producer of television and emerging media is different from a film producer’s job. Conventional wisdom defines feature films as the director’s domain, theater to be the realm of the actor, and TV as the domain of the writer and the producer (or showrunner). In most cases, the feature-film producer acts as the liaison between the studio and the production, providing a support system for the film’s director: increasingly, producers shepherd their own scripts or projects, hiring the director and cast, and overseeing the film’s integrity, production value, and marketing.

In television and emerging media, the producer is the governing force who often doubles as the director, unless the project is heavily actor-oriented, like network episodics, sitcoms, and drama. The producer usually hires and fires the director, writers, key department heads, actors and other talent, crew, and anyone else needed to bring the project to life. The director in television generally makes more of a technical contribution, working with the talent and crew on blocking and lighting and rehearsing lines, or is in the control room, making camera decisions on a live or prerecorded show. But the producer makes the final decisions; the buck stops there.

I carried my tape recorder with me everywhere as a kid. I had this odd fascination with recording things and playing them back. I taped everything. I even brought my video camera to school. By the time I was old enough to try and figure out what I was supposed to do for a living, all I really knew was I wanted to continue this process of recording something and making it into something else.

Matt Lombardi, excerpt from interview in Chapter 11

Who and What Makes a Good Producer?

These digital cameras now? People can make a show—make a movie. That’s what I like. The industry is just so hard to get into, you know, unless you have a lot of money. Now, people that have an idea of some kind of media that they want to share can put things on YouTube—the sky’s the limit now. It’s wide open for people to be as creative as they can possibly be

Sheila Possner Emery, excerpt from interview in Chapter 11

If you’re eager to meet challenges and can multitask and handle a steady stream of demands and questions, if you are slightly type A or obsessive-compulsive and like to run a tight ship while still having fun, you have the makings of a good producer. Combine those qualities with creativity and flexibility, an openness to new ideas and information, a genuine respect for all kinds of people, and an ethical and profitable approach to business—if this all sounds like your personality, you could wake up each day excited to go to work as a producer.

The majority of working producers truly enjoy their job. They like its random nature and welcome the challenges. The job fits their personality. Some producers are calmer or nicer or more organized than others; some act badly, others can inspire. As you read the interviews with contributing guest speakers in Chapter 11, you’ll see that producers tend to choose this work because it genuinely excites them.

A good producer:

• Is a problem-solver. A producer anticipates what’s needed, and solves problems rather than creates them. He’s smart and plays fair. He’s a nurturer and an arbitrator, and can be both a leader and a team player. He’s a risk taker with contingencies for any predictable scenario—he has a plan A, plan B, and even a plan C.
• Is the master of multitasking. Whether the project is a low-budget documentary or an expensive weekly drama, the producer balances dozens of tasks at once. She might be an entrepreneurial executive producer who secures the financing and makes deals, or a producer commissioned by the executive producer to work on aspects of the project, such as segments, post-production, music, and so on. She might also be working in several stages of production at once.
• Is an intermediary. The producer who’s wise enough to be on set regularly (even though he may not be needed) becomes the point person for the director, the DP (Director of Photography), the actors, and the crew members who rely on his leadership. The producer balances the needs of the network or client with the needs of the talent and cast.
• Wants to know everything. A good story and useful information are both at the core of a producer’s craft. The world of producing changes daily, so the producer researches everything at her disposal—books and magazines, the industry trade papers, newspapers, the Internet, plays, biographies, art and history, and philosophy. She looks for ideas that interest her and that might also appeal to a wide audience. Her goal is to understand where the media industries are going, as well as to keep current with what is popular now. She watches TV and explores emerging media.
• Enjoys the process. The producer is comfortable doing business and being creative. He doesn’t need to know how to do everything—like write, direct, edit, create sound design, and light and design sets—but he does know how to hire the best people to do those jobs. He creates a loyal and talented team who can all work toward a common goal—creating a compelling story.

To paraphrase Gertrude Stein, a producer is a producer is a producer. The needs of each individual job may fluctuate, but the skill sets on most jobs are similar. A good producer can produce almost anything—a two-hour documentary, a half-hour sitcom, streaming online video, a 30-second commercial, a mobisode, a corporate image piece, even a music video. The projects may differ in content and length. They may require skills in producing a specific kind of program or content; but the creative, financial, technical, and interpersonal skills required are similar for all producers.

III. The Many Roles of a Producer

To see it from the outside looking in, it was always exciting to me. Anything in this business that helps you learn, to me, is always interesting. It’s never the same, it changes every day. It’s not a job where you go, “Okay, I’ve got to do that for another eight hours.” You know what’s coming, it’s always about being prepared for what could happen.

Bernie Young, excerpt from interview in Chapter 11

The producer in television and in emerging media has th...

Table of contents

• Cover
• Half Title
• Title
• Copyright
• Contents
• Acknowledgments
• About the Authors
• Introduction
• Chapter 1 ● What Does a TV Producer Really Do?
• Chapter 2 ● Television: Its Past, Present, and Future
• Chapter 3 ● The Big Idea: Script and Project Development
• Chapter 4 ● Connecting the Dots: Breakdowns, Budgets, and Finance
• Chapter 5 ● Welcome to Reality: Legalities and Rights
• Chapter 6 ● Pitching and Selling the Project
• Chapter 7 ● The Plan: Pre-Production
• Chapter 8 ● The Shoot: Production
• Chapter 9 ● The Final Product: Post-Production
• Chapter 10 ● It’s a Wrap! Now, the Next Steps
• Chapter 11 ● Conversations With the Pros: Producing in the Real World
• Sample Forms
• Index