Pre-crime

Pre-emption, precaution and the future

Jude McCulloch, Dean Wilson

• Publisher: Routledge
• Year: 2015
• Print ISBN: 9781138781696
• eBook ISBN: 9781317670230
• Edition: 1
• Topic: Social Sciences
• Subtopic: Criminology
• Index: Social Sciences

Pre-crime aims to pre-empt 'would-be-criminals' and predict future crime. Although the term is borrowed from science fiction, the drive to predict and pre-empt crime is a present-day reality. This book critically explores this major twenty-first century development in crime and justice.

This first in-depth study of pre-crime defines and describes different types of pre-crime and compares it to traditional post-crime and crime risk approaches. It analyses the rationales that underpin pre-crime as a response to threats, particularly terrorism, and shows how it is spreading to other areas. It also underlines the historical continuities that prefigure the emergence of pre-crime, as well as exploring the new technologies and forms of surveillance that claim the ability to predict crime and identify future criminals. Through the use of examples and case studies it provides insights into how pre-crime generates the crimes it purports to counter, providing compelling evidence of the problems that arise when we act as if we know the future and aim to control it through punishing, disrupting or incapacitating those we predict might commit future crimes.

Drawing on literature from criminology, law, international relations, security and globalization studies, this book sets out a coherent framework for the continued study of pre-crime and addresses key issues such as terminology, its links to past practises, its likely future trajectories and its impact on security, crime and justice. It is essential reading for academics and students in security studies, criminology, counter-terrorism, surveillance, policing and law, as well as practitioners and professionals in these fields.

Index

• Abdulmutallab, Umar Farouk 68–9
• Aboriginal people 27; see also Indigenous peoples
• Abu Ali, Ahmed Omar 102
• activism: and the counter-insurgency doctrine 28; intelligence agency 140–1; left-wing 57; police 24–5, 26, 30
• activist groups, infiltration of 57, 61, 115, 117–18, 126
• Adult Probation and Patrol Department (Philadelphia) 83
• ADVISE (Analysis, Dissemination, Visualization, Insight and Semantic Enhancement) 80
• AFP see Australian Federal Police
• African Americans, incarceration of 27, 31
• agencies see intelligence agencies; security agencies;
• Alanssi, Mohamed 117
• Alexander, Michelle 27
• algorithms 81–6; see also data mining, algorithmic
• “aliens”, internment of 11, 18, 23, 30, 138
• al Zawahiri, Ayman 117
• Amoore, Louise 143
• Analysis, Dissemination, Visualization, Insight and Semantic Enhancement (ADVISE) 80
• analytics: data-driven 80–1; extreme-scale 83; predictive 11, 77, 78, 80, 84, 85, 86, 88, 139; video 77, 82, 86
• Anderson, Chris 85
• anthropology 4
• Anti-Social Behaviour Orders (ASBOs) 24, 41, 44, 47
• anti-terrorism laws see counterterrorism laws
• anti-trafficking measures 39
• Applied Systems Intelligence 80
• Arar, Maher 100–1
• Armitage, Richard 43
• ASBOs see Anti-Social Behaviour Orders
• Ashcroft, John 2
• ASIO see Australian Security Intelligence Organisation
• association: crimin...

Table of contents

• Cover Page
• Half-Title Page
• Title Page
• Copyright Page
• Dedication
• Table of Contents
• Acknowledgements
• Abbreviations
• Introduction: pre-crime – pre-emption, precaution and the future
• Before pre-crime: a history of the future
• Risking the future: pre-emption, precaution and uncertainty
• Pre-empting justice: pre-crime, precaution and counterterrorism
• Pre-crime science, technology and surveillance
• Evidence to intelligence: justice through the crystal ball
• Performing terror: pre-crime, undercover agents and informants
• Pre-crime: securing a just future
• Index