References
Adler, P. and Adler, P. (2002) âThe reluctant respondentâ, in J. Gubrium and J. Holstein (eds) Handbook of interview research, Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 515â36.
Alberta Urban Municipalities Association (AUMA) Standing Committee on Community Infrastructure (2007) Meeting minutes, 9 November.
Alison, L., Snook, B. and Stein, K. (2001) âUnobtrusive measurement: Using police information for forensic researchâ, Qualitative Research, 1(2): 241â54.
Amoore, L. and de Goede, M. (2005) âGovernance, risk and dataveillance on the war on terrorâ, Crime, Law and Social Change, 43(2): 149â73.
Amster, R. (2003) âPatterns of exclusion: Sanitizing space, criminalizing homelessnessâ, Social Justice, 30(1): 195â221.
Aradau, C. (2010) âSecurity that matters: Critical infrastructure and objects of protectionâ, Security Dialogue, 41(5): 491â514.
Aradau, C., Huysmans, J., Neal, A. and Voelkner, N. (2014) Critical security methods: New frameworks for analysis, London: Routledge.
Armenta, A. (2017) Protect, serve, and deport: The rise of policing as immigration enforcement. Oakland: University of California Press.
Association of Municipalities of Ontario Municipal Liability Reform Working Group (AMO) (2010) The case for joint and several liability reform in Ontario. Toronto: AMO.
Ayling, J., Grabosky, P. and Shearing, C. (2009) Lengthening the arm of the law: Enhancing police resources in the 21st Century, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Ayling, J. and Shearing, C. (2008) âTaking care of business: Public police as commercial security vendorsâ, Criminology and Criminal Justice, 8(1): 27â50.
Bailey, J. (2003) âCommunity safety officers... What do they do?â, Safer Communities, 2(4): 29â32.
Baker, T. (2010) âInsurance in sociolegal researchâ, Annual Review of Law and Social Science, 6: 433â47.
Barker, A. and Crawford, A. (2013) âPolicing urban insecurities through visible patrols: Managing public expectations in times of fiscal restraintâ, in R. Lippert and K. Walby (eds) Policing cities: Urban securitization and regulation in a 21st century world, London: Routledge, 11â28.
Barrett, D. (2016) âRevealed: Britainâs privately-funded police forceâ, The Telegraph, 3 January, https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/law-and-order/12064205/Revealed-Britains-privately-funded-police-force.html
Bass, S. (2001) âPolicing space, policing race: Social control imperatives and police discretionary decisionsâ, Social Justice, 28(1): 156â76.
Bay, J. (2016) âWoman says NCC making vigil difficultâ, Ottawa Sun, 16 January.
Bazemore, G. and Griffiths, C. (2004) âPolice reform, restorative justice and restorative policingâ, Police Practice and Research, 4(4): 335â46.
Beckett, K. and Herbert, S. (2009) Banished: the new social control in urban America, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Beckett, K. and Herbert, S. (2010) âPenal boundaries: Banishment and the expansion of punishmentâ, Law & Social Inquiry, 35(1): 1â38.
Belur, J. (2014) âStatus, gender, and geography: Power negotiations in police researchâ, Qualitative Research, 14(2): 184â200.
Benz, A. and FĂźrst, D. (2002) âPolicy learning in regional networksâ, European Urban and Regional Studies, 9(1): 21â35.
Bergin, T. (2011) âHow and why do criminal justice public policies spread throughout the United States?â, Criminal Justice Policy Review, 22(4): 403â21.
Besmier, M. (2003) âOttawa: Federal capital and first national symbolâ, Queenâs Quarterly, 110(2): 197.
Bigo, D. (2005) âFrontier controls in the European Union: Who is in control?â, in D. Bigo and E. Guild (eds) Controlling frontiers: Free movement into and within Europe, Aldershot: Ashgate.
Bittner, E. (1967) âThe police on skid-row: a study of peace keepingâ, American Sociological Review, 32(5): 699â716.
Bittner, E. (1970) The functions of the police in modern society. Washington DC: National Institute of Mental Health.
Blee, K. M. (1998) âWhite-knuckle research: Emotional dynamics in fieldwork with racist activistsâ, Qualitative Sociology, 21(4): 381â99.
Blomley, N. (2003) âLaw, property and the geography of violence: The frontier, the survey and the gridâ, Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 93(1): 121â41.
Blomley, N. (2004) Unsettling the city: Urban land and the politics of property, New York: Routledge.
Blomley, N. (2005) âThe borrowed view: Privacy, propriety, and the entanglements of propertyâ, Law & Social Inquiry, 30(4): 617â61.
Blomley, N. (2007) âCivil rights meet civil engineering: Urban public space and traffic logicâ, Canadian Journal of Law and Society, 22(2): 55â71.
Blomley, N. and Sommers, J. (1999) âMapping urban space: Governmentality and cartographic struggles in inner city Vancouverâ, in R. Smandych (ed.) Governable places, Brookfield, VT: Ashgate, 261â86.
Brady, M. and Lippert, R. (eds) (2016) Governing practices: Neo-liberalism, governmentalities, and ethnographic imaginary, Toronto: University of Toronto Press.
Brambilla, C. (2015) âExploring the critical potential of the borderscape conceptâ, Geopolitics, 20(1): 14-34.
Braun, D. (2015) âGoertzen wants community safety officer program available to Steinbach and Hanoverâ, Steinbachonline.com, 12 November.
Brewer, J. (1990) âSensitivity as a problem in field research: A study of routine policing in Northern Irelandâ, American Behavioral Scientist, 33(5): 578â93.
Brodeur, J. (2010) The policing web, Oxford: University of Oxford Press.
Brogden, M. and Nijhar, P. (2005) Community policing: National and international models and approaches, Portland: Willan.
Brown, J. (2007) âShattering the myth of corporate securityâ, Canadian Security Magazine, 17 February.
Brown, J. and Lippert, R. (2007) âPrivate securityâs purchase: consumersâ imaginings of a security patrol in a Canadian residential neighbourhoodâ, Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice, 49(5): 587â616.
Brown, A. (2017) âCity hiring another Community Safety Officerâ, Battlefords Now, 8 May.
Brown, L. (2016) âAgency apologizes for shutting down kidsâ lemonade standâ, Toronto Star, 4 July.
Brown, L. and Brown, C. (1973) An unauthorized history of the RCMP, James Lewis and Samuel.
Bryant, M. (2015) âTwenty years after Dudley Georgeâs death, land still in federal handsâ, Toronto Star, 22 January.
Burr, J. and Reynolds, P. (2012) âThe wrong paradigm? Social research and the predicates of ethical scrutinyâ, Research Ethics, 6(4): 128â33.
Burris, S., Drahos, P. and Shearing, C. (2005) âNodal governanceâ, Australian Journal of Legal Philosophy, 30: 30â58.
Cairns, J. (2014) North Battleford community safety model to expand province wide. The Battlefords News-Optimist, 3 December.
Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC) (2015) âDowntown Vancouver Ambassadors discriminated against homelessâ, www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/downtown-vancouver-ambassadors-discriminated-against-homeless-1.3029392
Canadian Press (2016) âAlgonquin First Nation seeking land claim over Ottawa, Parliament Hillâ, Global News Winnipeg, 8 December.
Carrington, K., McIntosh, A. and Scott, J. (2010) âGlobalization, frontier masculinities and violence: Booze, blokes and brawlsâ, British Journal of Criminology, 50(3): 393-413.
Carter, J. and Gore, M. (2013) âConservation officers: A force multiplier for homeland securityâ, Journal of Applied Security Research, 8(3): 285â307.
Caruson, K. and MacManus, S. (2006) âMandates and management challenges in the trenches: An intergovernmental perspective on homeland securityâ, Public Administration Review, 66(4): 522â36.
Chambliss, W. (1964) âA sociological analysis of the law of vagrancyâ, Social Problems, 12(1): 67â77.
Cherney, A. (2004) âContingency and politics: The local government community safety officer roleâ, Criminology & Criminal Justice, 4(2): 115â28.
Cherney, A. and Sutton, A. (2004) âAussie experience: Local government community safety officers and capacity buildingâ, Safer Communities, 3(3): 31â5.
Chunn, D. and Gavigan, S. (2004) âWelfare Law, welfare fraud, and the moral regulation of the âNever Deservingâ Poorâ, Social & Legal Studies, 13(2): 219â43.
City of Langford (2007a) Langford community safety and policing support UBCM community excellence award application.
City of Langford (2007b) City of Langford 2007 annual report.
City of Langford (2009) Langford community safety and policing support initiative summary.
City of Surrey (2008a) Crime reduction strategy annual report, 31 October.
City of Surrey (2008b) Crime reduction strategyâcommunity safety officers, 15 September.
City of Surrey (2008c) Public safety committee minutes, 16 June.
City of Toronto (2009) City of Toronto city-wide corporate security policy.
Cockcroft, T. (2005) âUsing oral history to investigate police cultureâ, Qualitative Research, 5(3): 365â84.
Coleman, R., Tombs, S. and Whyte, D. (2005) âCapital, crime control, and statecraft in the entrepreneurial cityâ, Urban Studies, 42(13): 2511â30.
Coleman, S. (2004) âWhen police should say âno!â to gratuitiesâ, Criminal Justice Ethics, 23(1): 33â44.
Colley, T. (2007) âMore police coming in new Surrey budget; plan also include 10 community safety officers. Now [Surrey]. Community safety officers set to hit the streetsâ, Maple Ridge, Pitt Meadows Times, 11 July.
Collins, R. (1979) The credentialist society: An historical sociology of education and stratification, New York: The Academic Press.
Cook, I. and Ward, K. (2012) âConferences, informational infrastructures and mobile policies: The process of getting Sweden âBID readyââ, European Urban and Regional Studies, 19(2): 137â52.
Cooper, C., Anscombe, J., Avenell, J., McLean, F. and Morris, J. (2006) A national evaluation of community support officers. London, England: Home Office Research Study, 297.
Cooper, D. (2002) âFar beyond âthe early morning crowing of a farmyard cockâ revisiting the place of nuisance within political and legal discourseâ, Social & Legal Studies, 11(1): 5â35.
Corbin, J. and Morse, J. (2003) âRecipr...