Contents
Foreword
Acknowledgements
Acronyms
Executive Summary
Part 1
Introduction
1 Background
2 Methods
2.1 Mapping of Learning Assessments in Asia-Pacific
2.2 Regional Capacity Development Workshop
2.3 Case Studies
2.4 Limitations of the Study
3 Country Background Information
3.1 Socio-economic Background
3.2 Education Systems
Part 2
Key Findings
4 Mapping Assessment Systems in Asia-Pacific
4.1 Review of Assessment Systems
4.2 Assessment Policies and Plans
4.3 Data Analysis, Use and Dissemination
5 Student Achievement
5.1 Overall Student Performance
5.2 Performance by Sex
6 Contributing Factors to Learning Outcomes
6.1 School Location and Type
6.2 School Environment
6.3 Household Environment
7 Issues and Challenges
7.1 Issues and Challenges for Education Systems
7.2 Issues and Challenges for Evidence-based Policy-making
Part 3
Conclusion
8 Policy Recommendations
9 Way Forward
Bibliography
Annex A: Country-specific Recommendations
Annex B: Questionnaire
Annex C: Research Framework
Participating Countries
Table 1. Countries Participating in the LEAP Programme
Table 2. Assessment Data used for LEAP Programme Case Studies
Table 3. Country Context
Table 4. Free and Compulsory Education by Country
Figure 1. School System Structure by Country
Figure 2. Total Net Enrolment Rates at Primary Level, 2000–2014
Figure 3. Total Net Enrolment at Primary and Lower Secondary Level by Country, 2014
Figure 4. Adult Literacy Rates by Country, 2015
Figure 5. Expenditure on Education by Country
Figure 6. Student-Teacher Ratio, 2014
Figure 7. International and Regional Assessments
Figure 8. Learning Assessments by Country, Year and Type, 2005–2015
Figure 9. Percentage of Assessments that Conducted Background Surveys (%)
Figure 10. What National Assessments Measure
Figure 11. Purpose of Analyzing Learning Assessment Results
Figure 12. Countries with Learning Assessment Policies
Figure 13. How are Learning Assessment Results Used?
Figure 14. How are Learning Assessment Results Shared?
Box 3
ASER Pakistan
Box 4
ASER India

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