Crafting the Witch

Gendering Magic in Medieval and Early Modern England

Heidi Breuer

• Publisher: Routledge
• Year: 2009
• Print ISBN: 9780415977616
• eBook ISBN: 9781135868222
• Edition: 1
• Topic: History
• Subtopic: European Medieval History
• Index: History

This book analyzes the gendered transformation of magical figures occurring in Arthurian romance in England from the twelfth to the sixteenth centuries.

In the earlier texts, magic is predominantly a masculine pursuit, garnering its user prestige and power, but in the later texts, magic becomes a primarily feminine activity, one that marks its user as wicked and heretical. This project explores both the literary and the social motivations for this transformation, seeking an answer to the question, 'why did the witch become wicked?'

Heidi Breuer traverses both the medieval and early modern periods and considers the way in which the representation of literary witches interacted with the culture at large, ultimately arguing that a series of economic crises in the fourteenth century created a labour shortage met by women. As women moved into the previously male-dominated economy, literary backlash came in the form of the witch, and social backlash followed soon after in the form of Renaissance witch-hunting. The witch figure serves a similar function in modern American culture because late-industrial capitalism challenges gender conventions in similar ways as the economic crises of the medieval period.

Table of contents

• Studies in Medieval History and Culture
• Contents
• Preface
• Acknowledgments
• 1 “Are You a Good Witch or a Bad Witch?”
• 2 Gender-Blending
• 3 From Rags To Riches, or The Step-Mother’s Revenge
• 4 The Lady is a Hag
• 5 Hags on Film
• Notes
• Bibliography
• Index