Machine Learning in Cognitive IoT

Neeraj Kumar, Aaisha Makkar

• Publisher: CRC Press
• Year: 2020
• Print ISBN: 9780367359164
• eBook ISBN: 9781000767971
• Topic: Computer Science
• Subtopic: Computer Engineering
• Index: Computer Science

This book covers the different technologies of Internet, and machine learning capabilities involved in Cognitive Internet of Things (CIoT). Machine learning is explored by covering all the technical issues and various models used for data analytics during decision making at different steps. It initiates with IoT basics, its history, architecture and applications followed by capabilities of CIoT in real world and description of machine learning (ML) in data mining. Further, it explains various ML techniques and paradigms with different phases of data pre-processing and feature engineering. Each chapter includes sample questions to help understand concepts of ML used in different applications.

• Explains integration of Machine Learning in IoT for building an efficient decision support system
• Covers IoT, CIoT, machine learning paradigms and models
• Includes implementation of machine learning models in R
• Help the analysts and developers to work efficiently with emerging technologies such as data analytics, data processing, Big Data, Robotics
• Includes programming codes in Python/Matlab/R alongwith practical examples, questions and multiple choice questions

1

Internet of Things

Just imagine the life without electricity, Internet, and home appliances. Today’s modern conveniences acquired by end-users are due to the endless efforts of intelligent researchers across the globe. These scientists have made our life easy and comfortable. For example, let’s start with daily life that deals with different types of tasks and activities. The time we wake up and till we get ready for our work, we use various gadgets like mobile chargers, microwaves, hairdryers, and espresso makers, to name a few. All these gadgets were developed to reduce human efforts and to save time. Similarly, various Internet-enabled smart devices such as computers, smartphones, and printers are connected together in order to improve workplace operations as the Internet enables intelligent communication and control by end-users anywhere, anytime via wired or wireless connection. Hence, we conclude that the Internet plays an important role in our daily life. This interconnection of smart devices with the Internet is termed the Internet of Things (IoT) as summarized in Figure 1.1. IoT can be defined as an interconnected system where every device which is addressable in the digitized world is connected using the Internet. IoT is defined by Gartner, as a ‘Network of physical object that contains embedded technology to communicate and sense or interact with their internal states or to the external environment’. IoT devices not only make our tasks effortless but reduce the delay in executing these tasks. In today’s competitive world, these tasks are mainly accomplished with smart devices. Smart devices usually have built-in sensors and API’s used for communication purposes. Some of the popular use-cases of IoT sensors are summarized as follows.

• Smart Traffic Lights: The traffic lights use sensors to actuate the volume of traffic at a particular instant. This observation helps to adjust the timers to control the traffic light operations. The objective of such a system is to minimize traffic jams by granting priority to peak volume areas and synchronizing the others.

• Smart Plugs: These plugs are attached with the power hub of the office. They monitor energy usage by disabling the high electricity-consuming devices when not in use. These devices save money as well as the environment by reducing strain.

FIGURE 1.1: Internet of Things (IoT)

• Smart Mattresses: The smart sleepers have embedded sensors which tracks the sleeping position of a human. It notifies about the sleeping position and body pressure during the sleep to the human.

• Smart Blinds: These are the shades which protect the room from sunlight, by lowering the usage of energy. These blinds helps to maintain the temperature of a room. These blinds are easy to install and can be controlled by the smart phone.

• Smart Trash Cans: These cans provide the way to intelligently trash waste for maintaining the healthy home. It has sensors which sense the environment and control the opening/closing of its lid by measuring the fill level of the trash bin. It removes the germs and helps in cleaning the trash as well.

• Smart Shoes: These are the first insoles which heat the feet. They can also be controlled via smartphone. They monitors the distance covered during a day and amount of calories burned. They also helps prevent cold feet as they maintain the temperature of your footwear.

• Smart Helmets: Whether you’re riding a road bike, mountain bike, ebike or motorcycle, it doesn’t matter whether a good helmet is vital to staying safe. But even the simple helmet is getting a high-tech makeover in this day and age, with all sorts of clever elements being added.

These devices are popularly known as IoT devices. IoT connects the devices for sharing endless information which can be summarized as ‘connection’, whereas embedding the intelligence into the devices is the task of artificial intelligence (AI). AI is that branch of computer science which has many sub-branches like machine learning (ML), natural language processing (NLP), deep learning, and many more. It can be defined by the term ‘intelligence’ as it is a program which handles the decision making without human interference. In summary, connecting the devices is the task of IoT, whereas putting the intelligence into it is done by AI. AI is not IoT, but IoT is what by which AI is incomplete.

1.1 IoT History

In recent years, there has been an exponential increase in the usage of the Internet. It is widely used for information retrieval. This information is gathered, stored, and processed at the central repository known as a web server. The server represents this information in the form of web documents, which are accessible with the help of the Internet. According to the Statista report, a web information provider company, the number of Internet users in 2018 was 369.01 million. The platform used for accessing the Internet is mostly the dedicated designed software known as a web search engine. According to NETMARKETSHARE, a market share statistics provider, the largest market share of search engines is achieved by Google, i.e., 72.03%, followed by Baidu(14.11%), Bing(7.76%) and Yahoo(4.2...

Table of contents

• Cover
• Half Title
• Title Page
• Copyright Page
• Dedication
• Table of Contents
• Preface
• Acknowledgements
• List of Figures
• List of Tables
• 1 Internet of Things
• 2 Cognitive Internet of Things
• 3 Data Mining in IoT
• 4 Machine Learning Techniques
• 5 R Programming
• 6 Machine Learning Paradigms
• 7 Different Machine Learning Models
• 8 Data Processing
• 9 Feature Engineering and Optimization
• 10 Evaluation and Validation of Results
• 11 Solutions
• 12 Dataset
• Bibliography
• Index