Orchard

A Year in England's Eden

Benedict Macdonald

• Publisher: William Collins
• Year: 2020
• Print ISBN: 9780008333768
• eBook ISBN: 9780008333744
• Topic: Biological Sciences
• Subtopic: Natural History
• Index: Biological Sciences

Spend a year in an orchard, celebrating its imperilled, overlooked abundance of life.

England's ancient orchards, collaborations between people and nature, are sources of hope for the future. Protecting them promises a far richer England for the centuries to come, for wildlife and for us.

INDEX

The page numbers in this index relate to the printed version of this book; they do not match the pages of your ebook. You can use your ebook reader’s search tool to find a specific word or passage.

abscisic acid 98

Aker, Scott 99

Alcinous, King 12

alder 101, 102, 104, 153–5, 156

alder kitten 153–4

Almaty, Kazakhstan 8, 11, 12

Anglo-Saxons 14, 165, 166, 183, 204

ants 25, 46, 60, 80, 81, 149–50, 179

aphids 114, 162–3, 165, 168, 224

Aphrodite (Greek goddess) 12–13

apple:

badgers and 30, 48

boar and 232–4

breeds/varieties see individual variety name

British demand for 197–8

chemical spraying of 110, 111 see also pesticides

‘chill hours’ and 238

cider see cider

collecting 188, 192

etymology 14

history/evolution of British orchard 7–28, 52–3

imports, UK 195–7

in literature 12–13

pigs and 234

supermarket selection of 196–7

apple tree:

ancient origins/migrations of 7–13

bee pollination 92–3, 149, 150–1

blossom 137, 139, 149, 161

climate change and 238–9

forests, wild 7–13, 17, 18

grafting 7, 10, 13, 16, 241–2

history/evolution of British orchard and 7–28, 52–3

hyphal network 224–7

lifespan/lifecycle 69, 97, 223, 224, 225, 226–7, 229–30, 239–43

pesticides and see orchards

planting 113, 233, 240–1

see also orchard

April 36–7, 45, 54, 73–93, 100, 101, 111, 129

Ashdown Forest 5

Atalanta (Greek mythological character) 13

Athena (Greek goddess) 12–13

August 153–68, 170, 217, 218

Aulonothroscus brevicollis beetle 229

auroch 19

Avalon 19

Badby, Northamptonshire 23

badgers 5, 30, 48, 60, 119, 146, 198–9, 231–2

Balston, R.J.: Notes on the Birds of Kent 24, 25

bank vole 37, 166, 199

barbastelles bat 180, 207

bark beetle 132, 228–9

barn owl 111, 148, 151, 225

bats 1, 4, 20, 27, 40, 49, 80, 84, 89–90, 97, 142–3, 144, 151, 170, 172, 178–83, 201, 207, 229 see also individual species of bat

Battle Abbey 14

BBC 5, 60

Beale, John 17

bears 6, 7, 8–9, 10, 11, 12, 19, 30, 138, 147, 218 see also individual species of bear

beaver 75, 76, 84, 85, 203

Bechstein’s bat 183

beech 211

bee-hive 47, 110, 148

bee hotel 158–9

bees 3, 47, 68, 72, 76, 77, 78–9, 82, 90–3, 97, 108, 109, 110, 120, 121, 122, 123, 126, 128, 129, 135, 138, 143, 148–9, 150–1, 155, 158–9, 160, 183, 211, 221–2 see also individual species of bee

beetles 19, 21, 38, 39, 40, 88–90, 103, 113, 122, 124, 125, 128–9, 131, 135–7, 144, 146, 183, 228–9 see also individual species of beetle

Betty Prosser pear 48–9, 191, 192

Bialowieza Forest, Poland 215–16

birds see individual species of bird

bird’s-foot trefoil 127

blackberry 166, 167, 174

blackbird 33, 36, 38, 45, 53, 96, 145, 166, 174, 217, 235

blackcap 222, 237–8

Black Death 15

black ivy berry 235

black poplar 137, 139

blackthorn 74, 75, 78, 96, 100, 205, 206, 208, 216

black-veined white butterfly 21, 139

Black Worcester pear 15

Blenheim Orange apple 51–2

bluebottle fly 199

blue tit 46–7, 79–80, 85, 86, 101, 130, 132, 162, 165, 168, 202

Bly, Robert 95

boar 9, 15, 19, 147, 232–4

Boleyn, Anne 16

Bosbury pear 191–2

Botai culture 11

bramble 3, 67, 174, 201, 205, 216, 218

brash 4, 209

brimstone butterfly 100, 200

British Birds 55

British Trust for Ornithology 36

Nest Records Scheme 71

brown bear 8–9, 11, 19, 218

Browning, Robert 144

brown long-eared bat 201

Broxwood Foxwhelp 194, 239

Bukk Hills, Hungary 141–2

Bull, Edith Elizabeth 22–3

bullfinch 2, 25, 57, 100, 204–6, 207

bumblebee 90–2, 93, 108, 126, 135, 184

burnet moth 127–8

bustard 135

butterfly 21, 39, 68–9, 82–4, 100, 101, 107–8, 109, 125, 126, 138–40, 144, 149, 150, 157–8, 167, 199–203, 221, 222 see also individual species of butterfl...

Table of contents

• Cover
• Title Page
• Copyright
• Praise for Orchard
• Dedication
• Contents
• Map
• Introduction
• Apples and Bears: A brief history of the English orchard
• January – Nick
• February – Ben
• March – Nick
• April – Nick
• May – Ben
• June – Nick
• July – Ben
• August – Ben
• September – Nick
• October – Ben
• November – Ben
• December – Ben
• Endnotes
• Index
• Acknowledgements
• About the Authors
• About the Publisher