Spaghetti Westerns

Howard Hughes

• Publisher: Kamera Books
• Year: 2010
• Print ISBN: 9781842433034
• eBook ISBN: 9781842433959
• Topic: Media & Performing Arts
• Subtopic: Film & Video

They are tough. They are mean. They are the fastest, coolest gunslingers of the 1960s, and they don't talk much. They are the heroes of the Italian Spaghetti West and they changed the Western forever. Clint Eastwood's poncho-clad, cigar smoking Man With No Name is the enduring symbol of the genre and his Dollars trilogy with Sergio Leone reinvented action cinema, adding a European freshness to the time-worn Western myths. But Leone and Eastwood weren't the only hombres to saddle-up and head west, and this guide rounds-up and reviews the best of a very wild bunch, including perennial cult classics Django, The Big Gundown, Django Kill, and They Call Me Trinity. He also charts the Spaghetti Western careers of actors like Lee Van Cleef, Terence Hill, and Klaus Kinski as they rode the trail to international success. As well as an introduction to the genre, 31 of the best Spaghetti Westerns are analyzed in detail and there is a comprehensive multi-media reference section.

BOX-OFFICE DYNAMITE: 1967–69

The Hellbenders (1967)

Directed by: Sergio Corbucci

Music by: Ennio Morricone

Cast: Joseph Cotten (Colonel Jonas), Norma Bengell (Clare), Julian
Mateos (Ben), Al Mulock (Beggar)
88 minutes

Story

In the years following the Civil War, Jonas, an ex-Confederate colonel, and his three sons steal a shipment of Yankee gold. With it they plan to resurrect the Confederacy. They pose as a funeral escort with Clare, a prostitute, impersonating the wife of the ‘deceased’ and the money hidden in the coffin. Their ruse works, as they avoid Yankee patrols and sheriffs’ posses and are saved by the army from a bandit gang, until finally their goal, the Hondo River, is in sight. But they are almost robbed by a beggar and one of the sons rapes and murders an Indian girl. The sons have been at each others’ throats throughout and this atrocity is the last straw. In a final shootout, all the brothers are left dead or dying, while Clare has pneumonia and Jonas is mortally wounded. Even worse, Jonas makes the horrible discovery that it has all been for nought. The coffin contains the corpse of an executed bandit. The money has been mistakenly buried by the Union army.

Background

An audacious change of pace for Corbucci following the madness of Django and comic strip action of Navajo Joe, The Hellbenders, an anti-racist, anti-militarist diatribe, is a cross between a mission/heist movie (will they deliver the cash-laden hearse to the rebels?) and a lamentation of the South’s fate following the Civil War. Jonas and his three sons are used throughout to represent different aspects of the Confederacy (greed, compassion, jealousy, racism) while the coffin and the mock deceased jokingly stands for the South itself (hoping one day to ‘rise again’). Even more disrespectfully, Corbucci has the dead soldier’s wife impersonated by a prostitute.

The best performance of the film obviously comes from the evertalented Joseph Cotten. Formerly of Orson Welles’ Mercury Theatre Project, and involved in milestones such as Citizen Kane (1941), The Magnificent Ambersons (1942) and The Third Man (1949), Cotten must have wondered what the hell had happened when he found himself in Spain making Spaghetti Westerns. Jonas is the most complex character in the movie, completely besotted with ‘the cause’ and blind to the disintegration of his clan. Cotten’s haggard portrayal is completely convincing. Astoundingly, it was Cotten’s second foray into Spaghettis. The Hellbenders was the sequel to The Tramplers (1966), which also starred Cotten as an ex-Confederate – the flamboyantly named Temple Cordine, head of the Cordine clan, who distributes justice by lynching anyone who doesn’t agree with his racist, redundant views. In both films, Cotten’s character is opposed by one of his sons, who tries unsuccessfully to make him change his ways.

So, what are the main things that The Hellbenders has going for it? Corbucci’s sense of the bizarre, for one thing, as well as Morricone’s mournful ‘Death of the South’ trumpet score and a cruel twist at the tale’s end. The premise of the coffin containing a dead soldier, but really brimming with stolen cash, was an idea borrowed from Leone’s The Good, the Bad and the Ugly, but Corbucci uses it in a completely original way – Corbucci’s hearse is actually the same Confederate ambulance prop from Leone’s film. The riverside robbery that descends into a massacre at the beginning of The Hellbenders is the only recognisably Corbucci-esque moment, the rest of the movie consisting of the family’s efforts to trick their way past various groups – a posse, the army, some bandits, a priest and the Indians. These encounters are filled with tension, but tension is not what the director does best, nor what his audiences expect. In a macabre joke, Corbucci even has Jonas and his hearse encounter one of the dead hero’s old comrades (now on pension), but he turns out to be blind and so can’t identify Clare as an impostor. Cotten made one further Spaghetti called White Comanche (1968), which starred another unexpected Anglo refugee – William Shatner, who’d just appeared in the Star Trek TV series and must have thought he’d really reached the final frontier when he landed in dusty Spain.

The Verdict

The presence of Cotten makes this watchable, but the number of rip-offs released hot on the heels of The Hellbenders (none) gives a fair idea of its impact on the Spaghetti-Western craze.

The Big Gundown (1967)

Directed by: Sergio Sollima

Music by: Ennio Morricone

Cast: Lee Van Cleef (Jonathan Corbett), Tomas Milian (Cuchillo Sanchez), Walter Barnes (Brokston), Nieves Navarro (Widow),
Fernando Sancho (Captain Segura)
102 minutes

Story

Ex-lawman turned bounty hunter Jonathan Corbett is hired by rich Texan railroad tycoon Brokston to track down a Mexican renegade called Cuchillo Sanchez. Nicknamed ‘Sanchez the Knife’, he has allegedly raped and murdered a 12-year-old white girl. Made an ‘honorary deputy’, Corbett pursues the Mexican across Texas, but his prey outwits him at every turn, hiding out with a group of Mormons and later at a ranch ruled by the whip of the sadomasochistic ‘Widow’. Cuchillo escapes into Mexico, sheltering at a monastery, and eventually makes it back to his wife in his home town. Corbett tracks him there, but Cuchillo slips through his fingers again, whereupon Brokston, the Baron (his Austrian henchman) and Brokston’s son-in-law arrive and recruit a posse of Mexican rancheros. They flush Cuchillo out of the sugar-cane fields and corner him in the desert. But in the final reckoning it transpires that the real murderer is Brokston’s son-in-law – the manhunt has been an elaborate ruse to leave the Brokston name unblemished. In a duel, Cuchillo kills the real culprit, whilst Corbett guns down the Baron and Brokston. The posse, seeing justice done, disband. Corbett and Cuchillo go their separate ways, each having learnt that wealth and power count for more in the West than the law, but that sometimes the truth can prevail.

Background

The Big Gundown is one of the finest Spaghettis ever made, but unfortunately, like so many, it is only available in English in cruelly abridged versions (95 and 85 minutes respectively). Both versions remove much of the early and middle sections of the chase, including editing the beautifully constructed opening duel when Corbett nails three bank robbers. The original story was written by political scenarist Franco Solinas. In this version, the lawman (a younger man) ended up killing his aged quarry without realising the truth. Sollima reversed the characters’ ages and threw in some troubling subject matter, which inevitably led to censorship problems – in the 85-minute version no reference is made to the young girl’s rape. Sollima also changed the ending to Solinas’s story (making it more upbeat) and cast Van Cleef as the lawman (hot on the heels of his success in The Good, the Bad and the Ugly) and Tomas Milian, a Cuban ex-pat, as his younger, wily adversary. The film also adds a touch of satire, with bounty hunter Corbett harbouring political ambitions to become a senator.

The Big Gundown borrowed extensively from previous Westerns (Cuchillo’s knife-throwing skill is straight out of The Magnificent Seven, the crooked railroad magnate is a B-Western standard) but reassembled them so as to seem totally original. Consequently, The Big Gundown is equal to Leone’s films, but many Western fans have never even heard of it, let alone seen it. By contrasting the two protagonists (a believer in the law and a tearaway rebel), Sollima was making subtle political observations without resorting to (a) setting his film during the Mexican Revolution or (b) getting bogged down in a chin-stroking political debate. The points being made, though simplistic (poor, exploited peasantry equals ‘good’, rich tycoon equals ‘bad’), are the same points that several more lauded Italian political films have made, but The Big Gundown is far more entertaining. Poor Cuchillo is even despised by his own people. The Mexican rancheros that Brokston recruits are happy to catch the peon, as he was once a revolutionary who sided with Juarez in the Mexican Revolution.

Van Cleef and Milian give career-best performances, both eliciting a degree of humanity from their good but duped characters. Other turns of note are Nieves Navarro as the wicked ‘Widow’, who puts Cuchillo in a pen with a wild bull, Walter Barnes as the disingenuous Brokston, a man prepared to twist the law to protect his family (and a forthcoming land deal), and Fernando Sancho, usually cast as a swaggering bandit, here portraying a Mexican officer who hates Mexican peasants and interfering Americans with equal relish. Sollima also includes some very interesting characters. Look out for an ex-gunslinger turned monk who is christened ‘Brother Smith and Wesson’ by his brethren, and the Austrian Baron, complete with monocle and no sense of humour, who has a specially designed, quick-draw holster, reinforcing his credo of ‘speed over accuracy’. Although these characters seem to be self-conscious attempts by Sollima to make his movie different from run-of-the-mill Spaghettis, the authenticity of the settings and costumes makes this one of the most convincing portrayals of the West on celluloid. Ennio Morricone’s music (including the title song ‘Run Man Run’) is a classic and is among his most popular scores. The final chase through the cane fields is one of the great Spaghetti Western set pieces, as the hounds are unleashed and Cuchillo runs for his life. After the heights of The Big Gundown, Sollima made an inferior sequel with Milian called Run Man Run (1968).

The Verdict

As good as Spaghettis get. Though a decent print is as difficult to track down as Cuchillo himself, it’s well worth the effort.

Django Kill – If You Live, Shoot! (1967)

Directed by: Giulio Questi

Music by: Ivan Vandor

Cast: Tomas Milian (The Stranger), Piero Lulli (Oaks), Roberto Camardiel (Zorro), Paco Sanz (Hagerman), Milo Quesada (Tembler)
115 minutes

Story

Two Indian mystics find a half-dying stranger in the desert and nurse him back to health. He has been left for dead by his comrades, a bandit gang led by Oaks, who have stolen a Union gold shipment. Oaks and his men arrive in a violent town and are attacked and killed by the locals, led by Tembler the saloon-keeper and Hagerman the storekeeper. The pair then split the gold between them. The Stranger and the Indians arrive and decide to track down the haul, while a Mexican rancher named Zorro and his gang are also after the cache. The violence escalates until Hagerman kills Tembler and blames it on the Stranger, after the storekeeper has buried the gold in the cemetery. Zorro captures and crucifies the Stranger (in a cell full of vampire bats), but the Stranger frees himself and defeats Zorro and his gang. Hagerman now has all the gold and hides it in a beam in his house, but the building catches fire and he dies, gilded in molten gold, leaving the Stranger to ride out with nothing.

Background

Over the years Django Kill has gained a reputation as the most violent Spaghetti Western and, though the film has tempered with age, it’s still one of the oddest genre contributions. Several filmmakers in the sixties and seventies experimented with the form of the Western, with varying degrees of success. Maverick artist Andy Warhol made Lonesome Cowboys (1968), predictably with the emphasis on transvestites, bisexuality and camp parody; Dennis Hopper made The Last Movie (1971), a loose, improvisational film deconstructing the mythology of Westerns; and Alejandro Jodorowsky made the strangest ‘Western’ of all time, El Topo (1971) – a rambling, Biblical odyssey that lampooned John Wayne, religion, mysticism and Sergio Leone in the name of ‘head-movie’ entertainment.

Questi’s Django Kill is the most recognisably Western of the bunch, though the extreme violence, mystical waffle and bizarre characters still set the film apart from Leone, Tessari et al, and even from the excesses of Sergio Corbucci.

The film is loosely based on A Fistful of Dollars (two gangs, a cache of gold, a lone stranger), but it also wanders into Edgar Allan Poe horror, Jane Eyre-inspired melodrama and dark, twisted sexuality. Like Corbucci’s Django, the two gangs in town are not your typical Western fare. The townsmen are led by Hagerman, a pious zealot (who keeps his wife locked in her bedroom with bars on the windows) and Tembler (who h...

Table of contents

• Cover
• Title Page
• ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
• Dedication
• Table of Contents
• SPAGHETTI WESTERNS: INTRODUCING THE GANG
• ROME ON THE RANGE: 1964–65
• COFFERS FULL OF DOLLARS: 1966
• BOX-OFFICE DYNAMITE: 1967–69
• END OF THE TRAIL: 1970–76
• REFERENCE MATERIALS
• Copyright
• Advertisement