E.M. Forster

Philip Gardner

• Publisher: Routledge
• Year: 2002
• eBook ISBN: 9781134723553
• Topic: Literature
• Subtopic: Literary Criticism
• Index: Literature

This set comprises 40 volumes covering 19th and 20th century European and American authors. These volumes will be available as a complete set, mini boxed sets (by theme) or as individual volumes.
This second set compliments the first 68 volume set of Critical Heritage published by Routledge in October 1995.

A PASSAGE TO INDIA

1924

93. Rose Macaulay, ‘Women in the East’, Daily News

4 June 1924, 8

(Dame) Rose Macaulay (1881–1958), novelist, essayist, author of Potterism (1920).

The Anglo-Indian opinions which she wonders about in this review are indicated by Nos 115 and 116.

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Mr. E. M. Forster is, to many people, the most attractive and the most exquisite of contemporary novelists (for a contemporary novelist he has, fortunately, now once more become). Further, he is probably the most truthful, both superficially and fundamentally. His delicate character presentation—too organic to be called drawing—his gentle and pervading humour, his sense and conveyal of the beauty, the ridiculousness, and the nightmare strangeness, of all life, his accurate recording of social, intellectual and spiritual shades and reactions, his fine-spun honesty of thought, his poetry and ironic wit—these qualities have made him from the first one of the rather few novelists who can be read with delight.

No one now writing understands so well as he the queer interaction of fantasy and ordinary life, the ghosts that halo common persons and things, the odd, mystic power of moments. Neither does anyone, I think, understand quite so well, or convey with such precision and charm, what ordinary people are really like, the way they actually do think and talk. His people are solid, three-dimensioned, and he sees them both from without and within.

A Passage to India is his fifth novel, and his first for fourteen years. Those who fear that his peculiar gifts may be wasted in a novel about India can be reassured; they have full scope. He can make even these brown men live; they are as alive as his Cambridge undergraduates, his London ladies, his young Italians, his seaside aunts; they are drawn with an equal and a more amazing insight and vision. And in the Anglo-Indians, male and female, he has material the most suitable ready to his hand.

The Ruling Race

Never was a more convincing, a more pathetic, or a more amusing picture drawn of the Ruling Race in India. A sympathetic picture, too, for Mr. Forster is sympathetic to almost everyone. Here, for instance, is the Club, after a supposed insult offered by an Indian to an Englishwoman:

They had started speaking of ‘women and children’—that phrase that exempts the male from sanity when it has been repeated a few times. Each felt that all he loved best in the world was at stake, demanded revenge, and was filled with a not unpleasing glow. … ‘But it’s the women and children,’ they repeated, and the Collector knew he ought to stop them intoxicating themselves, but had not the heart.

Somewhere between the two camps, the Anglo-Indians and the Indians, are the newcomers to India—an old lady and a girl, not yet hardened and harrowed into the Anglo-Indian outlook, but full of honest, interested curiosity. These two women are alive with all the imaginative actuality with which Mr. Forster invests his old and his young females. He is almost alone in this, that he enters into the minds of old ladies, and attributes to them those sensitive reactions to life, those philosophic, muddled speculations as to the universe and personal relationships, which most novelists only find younger persons worthy to contain or to emit. The old lady in this book is the most clear-sighted, sensitive, civilised and intellectually truthful person in her circle. She speculates like a male or female undergraduate. ‘She felt increasingly (vision or nightmare?) that, though people are important, the relations between them are not, and that in particular too much fuss has been made over marriage. Centuries of carnal embracement, yet man is no nearer to understanding man. And to-day she felt this with such force that it seemed itself a relationship, itself a person who was trying to take hold of her hand.’ What other novelist would attribute such thoughts to a lady of sixty-five who has just been told of the engagement of her son?

A Civilised Girl

It is such patient, imaginative realism as this that distinguishes Mr. Forster from most writers. His young woman, too, is an achievement—a queer, unattractive, civilised, logical, intellectually honest girl, who wanted to understand India and the Indians, and came up against the wall of Anglo-India between herself and them. A Passage to India is really a story about this Anglo-Indian wall, and the futile occasional attempts, from either side, to surmount it. I suppose it is a sad story, as most truthful stories of collective human relationships must be; it is an ironic tragedy, but also a brilliant comedy of manners, and a delightful entertainment. Its passages of humour or beauty might, quoted, fill several columns. But they cannot profitably be isolated; Mr. Forster is not, in the main, a detachable epigrammist; his wit and his poetry are both organically contextual. This novel has a wider and a deeper range than any of his others.

He has quite lost the touch of preciousness, of exaggerated care for nature and the relationships of human beings, that may faintly irritate some readers of his earlier books. He used once to write at times too much as a graduate (even occasionally as an undergraduate) of King’s College, Cambridge (perhaps the most civilised place in the world), who has had an amour with Italy and another with the god Pan. In A Passage to India (as, indeed, in Howards End), Pan is only implicit, the mysticism is more diffused, the imagination at once richer, less fantastic, and more restrained. It is a novel that, from most novelists, would be an amazing piece of work. Coming from Mr. Forster, it is not amazing, but it is, I think, the best and most interesting book he has written.

But I should like very much to know what Anglo-Indians will think of it.

94. Unsigned review, The Times Literary Supplement

no. 1169, 12 June 1924, 370

Not the least distinctive quality of Mr. Forster is his fairness; his judgements are marked by an unfailing sincerity. The accurate blending of observation and insight is his outstanding virtue. His new novel, A Passage to India, is the first he has published for fourteen years—since Howards End. Its artistry is of the same finished kind, its vision as original, as that of the foregoing novel: it has the beauty and pathos which belongs to Mr. Forster’s best work. But because it is essentially a definite picture rather than a creative imagining, it is a different kind of achievement from Howards End or A Room with a View; its form is stricter, its appeal more precise.

Adela Quested, who has come out to Chandrapore in order to decide whether she will marry Ronny and spend the rest of her life there, wants to ‘see’ India. The superficial glamour of its picturesque figures has faded. She sees India always as a frieze, never as a spirit, and she cannot understand the apathy and complacent aloofness of the official Anglo-Indian community. The men are content to occupy themselves with the routine of administration and to eschew all personal interest in local affairs, and for the rest, the women attempt to model the colony on the lines of an English suburb. The Lesleys and the Callendars and the Turtons and the Burtons look in at the club every evening, and shun social intercourse with the natives like the plague. Ronny, the City magistrate, says candidly that it is not part of the job of a servant of the Government to fraternize with insurgent India: ‘I’m not a missionary or a Labour member or a vague sympathetic sentimental literary man’. Mr. Forster does not minimize the difficulties; if Ronny’s arrogance is to some extent the result of an ignoble tradition, Adela’s enthusiasm is due largely to inexperience. She can see India only as a frieze precisely because she cannot understand its spirit. Ronny’s mother and Fielding, the Principal of Government College, can overcome the suspicion and compel the friendship of Aziz because they realize his need for emotional intimacy. Aziz, the young doctor who quotes Persian poetry on the decay of Islam and the brevity of love, exuberant, sincere and distrustful, epitomizes the manners and sentiments of the educated Indian. He is naturally resentful of the English authority, but willing to co-operate in the common task. What arouses his fanaticism and prompts his excesses is the contemptuous indifference with which his advances are met. Sooner or later that indifference is bound to culminate in personal disaster. When Adela blindly accuses Aziz of insulting her in the polished gloom of the Marabar caves, East and West take sides. Fielding, believing in Aziz’s innocence, champions him against the self-righteous fury of the ruling caste, and is ostracized for his disloyalty. Adela has an intuition of her mistake and, to the horror of her friends, withdraws the charge. Her repentance is worthless to Aziz. Without a violent show of passion, justice and honesty mean little in India.

With its subtle portraiture, its acute studies of the Moslem and the Hindu mind, its irony and its poetry, the story has imaginative breadth and generosity. The contrast between Adela’s logical honesty and Mrs. Moore’s mystical apprehension is finely conceived. Mr. Forster seldom lacks the power to go beneath the surface of the trivial occurrences of everyday life. He suggests the hidden workings of the soul in all the commonplace incidents of Aziz’s experience.

95. A. C. Benson, letter to E. M. Forster

14 June 1924

I was sent to bed yesterday so I have had a real opportunity of reading your book continuously […] Let me say first that I think it beautifully written. You have a technique which makes light of difficulties, and you seem to be able to express the subtlest idea both suggestively and clearly. Henry James, I used to think, latterly had the power of expressing a perfectly simple thought tortuously and intricately.

Then the characterisation is admirable.

I once made real friends with a Hindu here, who told me amazing things—and amazing things happened to him. He became unpopular at one time with some of his brethren about a small matter—and bags of offal and organs were left in his room as one might leave a card. He reminds me of Aziz in his flexibility and loving-kindness, and his sudden startled lapses into subconscious nationality.

The figure I feel I don’t understand is Mrs. Moore. She is charming up to a point—but I don’t grasp the significance of the echo, or her sudden lapse into peevish exhaustion. But the other figures are all tremendously alive, and vitally inconsequent.

I’m a little bewildered by the Hinduism of Godbole, though it seems to me marvellously like the mental attitudes of Roman Catholics. But what chance has one of penetrating these things? How much would the wisest Hindu grasp of a Bible Xtian revival in Cornwall? It seems to me that the inner impulse is probably the same, and that it leads to a sort of joyful levity about ceremonies which disconcerts one, because it seems to evoke all that is most irresponsible.

I’m a little bewildered by the Hinduism of Godbole, though it seems to me marvellously like the mental attitudes of Roman Catholics. But what chance has one of penetrating these things? How much would the wisest Hindu grasp of a Bible Xtian revival in Cornwall? It seems to me that the inner impulse is probably the same, and that it leads to a sort of joyful levity about ceremonies which disconcerts one, because it seems to evoke all that is most irresponsible.

But I must thank you for some hours of very great intellectual, emotional, and artistic pleasure.

96. H. C. Harwood, review, Outlook

14 June 1924, 412

H. C. Harwood (1893–1964), journalist, was called to the Bar in 1922. He published short stories and contributed to the Encyclopaedia Britannica.

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In literature this is an age of irony, for which, as for so many other unpleasant phenomena, the war may be safely blamed. Before the pressure of enormous destruction and crowd emotionalism so many persons found refuge in sour laughter. On certain events the only possible comment was: ‘What fools these mortals be.’ This ironical attitude, at first adopted by the mind in self-defence, has become a habit, and, because a tedious, an oppressive habit. There is this to be said for it, that it does demand, as simple earnestness and quaint pastorals do not, a modicum of intelligence, and though the majority (for obvious reasons) may prefer the company of fools, they are prepared to tolerate and even, surreptitiously, to favour intelligent books. This, too, may be said, that for those naturally more amused by than interested in life—a class in which it is difficult to avoid reckoning Mr. Lytton Strachey—anything but irony would be excessively ungraceful. Only Mr. E. M. Forster, perhaps because he has been ironical so much longer than the rest, seems to me to add interest to amusement. His is not the facile superiority behind which lurks the great fear of being either bored or conscribed. His irony is not an asylum, but a watch-tower. He has taken some pains before he smiles and shrugs at a problem or a frenzy to discover whether the one be in fact insoluble, the other in practice incurable. In A Passage to India he has analysed relations less personal than it is his wont to consider. This is a remarkably good novel, his best, may be, and the characterisation is no less subtle, the descriptions no less forcible than those of Howard’s End, but even if it were a bad novel it would be necessary for all those desiring to correct the extravagances of Indian partisans, whatever their race, by a clear and convincing summary of modern conditions to study and to keep it. That summary I will not attempt further to summarise, and will abandon politics with an apology for having mentioned them. Enough to note that they give this novel half at least of its value.

The central figure of A Passage to India is one Aziz, a young Mahommedan doctor in Chanderapore; a simple-minded, almost childish person, for whom you are made to feel exasperated affection, so pathetic he is in adversity and so presumptuous in success. He is a poet, too. That is, he is thrilled by the mention of roses and bulbuls and of the melancholy fact which so many poets, Persian and others, have remarked that though this man or that man die, roses and bulbuls go on. And he is in a sense religious. Mere aestheticism enters into his spiritual experience, and so does party feeling, but there is something more. With all his defects he is a very decent little fellow, and as it happens his ruin is quite accidental. Aziz’s constitutional indolence, the effects of a very trying climate on that bothered spinster, Miss Quested, an unlucky coincidence; how do these things start and how do they end? Nowhere and nohow. Out of nothing emerges a local crisis, with angry civil servants gathering together to talk of women and children, with native pleaders hastily imported to make scenes and excite sedition, with moderate men earning for their moderation general dislike, a small riot, legends. … Something has kicked an anthill, and after scurrying hither and thither the insects repair the damage. The novel is hardly more dramatic in its conclusion, for embittered Aziz goes to a native State and there drops his science, in which he never firmly believed, for charms. Between chilly English and flabby Hindus, what is a simple and passionate Mahommedan to effect?

97. Leonard Woolf, ‘Arch beyond arch’, Nation & Athenaeum

14 June 1924, 354

Leonard Woolf (1880–1969) was the husband of Virginia Woolf and co-founder with her of the Hogarth Press. He was also an important political theorist and a member of the Fabian Society. His earlier years were spent in Ceylon as a colonial administrator; his last in writing his five-volume autobiography with its many invaluable descriptions of the ‘Bloomsbury Group’.

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A little while ago I wrote in these columns that the book of this publishing season to which I looked forward most eagerly was Mr. E. M. Forster’s new novel, A Passage to India. And now it has appeared and I have read it and——Well, there are few things more exciting than to look forward to the publication of a new book, by a living writer, to read it, and to find one’s hopes realized. That, at least, has happened to me with A Passage to India. But it only adds to the difficulty of writing about it. It is very easy to criticize a book which you know to be bad or which you think to be good; your real difficulties begin with a book by a contemporary which seems to you to be very good. There is, for instance, that terrible question: ‘How good?’ a question which, in the case of Mr. Forster, it is hopeless to try to answer in 1,200 words.

* * *

There are, first, certain obvious things which must be said about A Passage to India. It is superbly written. Mr. Forster seems now to have reached the point at which there is nothing too simple or too subtle for his pen; he is able to find words which exactly fit, which perfectly express, every thought which comes to him, and neither the thought nor the words are those which would come to anyone else in the world except Mr. Forster. If that is not one of the essential characteristics of a great writer or of great writing, then I have no knowledge or understanding of either. Let me quote:—

She had come to the state where the horror of the universe and its smallness are both vi...

Table of contents

• Cover Page
• Half Title Page
• Series Page
• Title Page
• Copyright Page
• General Editor's Preface
• Dedication
• Contents
• Preface
• Acknowledgements
• Introduction
• Note on The Text
• Where Angels Fear to Tread 1905
• 1 Unsigned notice, The Times Literary Supplement, September 1905
• 2 Unsigned review, Bookman (London) xxix, October 1905, 40–1
• 3 ‘V', review, Manchester Guardian 4 October 1905, 5
• 4 Unsigned notice, Glasgow Herald 5 October 1905
• 5 Unsigned notice, Pall Mall Gazette, October 1905
• 6 Unsigned notice, Birmingham Daily Post 13 October 1905
• 7 Unsigned notice, Manchester Courier 13 October 1905
• 8 Unsigned notice, Guardian no. 3124, 18 October 1905, 1763
• 9 Unsigned review, Speaker 28 October 1905, 90
• 10 C. F. G. Masterman, review, Daily News 8 November 1905, 4
• 11 Unsigned notice, Yorkshire Post, December 1905
• 12 Unsigned review, Spectator no. 4043, 23 December 1905, 1089–90
• (American edition) 1920
• 13 Unsigned review, Spring field Sunday Republican (Springfield, Massachusetts) 21 March 1920, 11a
• 14 Unsigned article, Bookman (London) xxxii, June 1907, 81–2
• The Longest Journey 1907
• 15 Unsigned review, Tribune 22 April 1907, 2
• 16 Unsigned review, The Times Literary Supplement no. 276, 26 April 1907, 134
• 17 Unsigned review, Nation i, no. 9, 27 April 1907, 357–8
• 18 Unsigned notice, Evening Standard & St James's Gazette 30 April 1907, 5
• 19 C. F. G. Masterman, ‘The soul in suburbia', Daily News 3 May 1907, 4
• 20 Elizabeth von Arnim, letter to E. M. Forster 5 May 1907
• 21 Unsigned review, Morning Post 6 May 1907, 2
• 22 'ST BARBE', notice, Queen, May 1907
• 23 Unsigned notice, Pall Mall Gazette 11 May 1907, 4
• 24 ‘R. W. L.', notice, Black and White xxxiii, no. 849, 11 May 1907, 658
• 25 Unsigned notice, Standard, May 1907
• 26 ‘V' review, Manchester Guardian 15 May 1907, 5
• 27 Unsigned notice, Cambridge Review 16 May 1907, 408
• 28 Unsigned review, Athenaeum 18 May 1907, 600–1
• 29 Unsigned notice, World 21 May 1907, 924
• 30 Unsigned notice, Liverpool Daily Post 22 May 1907, 8
• 31 Unsigned notice, Birmingham Daily Post 24 May 1907, 4
• 32 Unsigned review, Spectator xcix, no. 4123, 6 July 1907
• 33 Unsigned review, Spectator, July 1907
• 34 ‘A newcomer', Revue des Deux Mondes xlii, no. 4, 15 December 1907, 916–17
• 35 Frieda Lawrence, letter to E. M. Forster Undated, probably 1915
• (American edition) 1922
• 36 Unsigned notice, Boston Evening Transcript, April 1922
• 37 Unsigned review, Spring field Sunday Republican (Springfield, Massachusetts) 29 October 1922, 7a
• A Room With a View 1908
• 38 R. A. Scott-James, ‘A novel of character', Daily News 20 October 1908, 4
• 39 Unsigned review, The Times Literary Supplement no. 354, 22 October 1908, 362
• 40 Unsigned notice, Morning Leader 30 October 1908, 3
• 41 Unsigned notice, Daily Mail 31 October 1908, 8
• 42 ‘F' review, Manchester Guardian 4 November 1908, 5
• 43 Unsigned notice, Pall Mall Gazette, November 1908
• 44 ‘A young woman in a muddle', Observer 8 November 1908, 4
• 45 ‘A clever novel', Morning Post 23 November 1908, 2
• 46 ‘The half-hidden life', Nation iv, no. 9, 28 November 1908, 352–4
• 47 Unsigned notice, Athenaeum no. 4234, 19 December 1908, 784
• 48 Unsigned notice. Outlook, December 1908
• 49 Unsigned notice, Evening Standard & St James's Gazette 30 December 1908, 5
• 50 Unsigned review, Spectator cii, no. 4201, 2 January 1909, 23–4
• (American edition) 1911
• 51 Unsigned notice, Inter-Ocean (Chicago), May 1911
• 52 Unsigned notice, New York Times xvi, 30 July 1911, 472
• Howards End 1910
• 53 A. N. Monkhouse, initialled review, Manchester Guardian 26 October 1910, 5
• 54 Unsigned review, The Times Literary Supplement no. 459, 27 October 1910, 412
• 55 Unsigned notice, Pall Mall Gazette 28 October 1910 (illustrated literary supplement, 8)
• 56 ‘The part and the whole', Morning Leader 28 October 1910, 3
• 57 Unsigned notice, Standard 28 October 1910, 5
• 58 Unsigned review, Daily Telegraph 2 November 1910, 14
• 59 Unsigned review, Spectator cv, no. 4297, 5 November 1910, 757
• 60 Unsigned notice, Observer 6 November 1910, 8
• 61 R. A. Scott-James, ‘The year's best novel', Daily News 7 November 1910, 4
• 62 ‘Villadom', unsigned review, Nation viii, no. 7, 12 November 1910, 282–4
• 63 ‘The season's great novel', Daily Mail 17 November 1910
• 64 ‘A fine novel', Daily Graphic 19 November 1910, 4
• 65 Unsigned review, Westminster Gazette 19 November 1910, 16
• 66 Unsigned review, Morning Post 24 November 1910, 16
• 67 Unsigned review, Athenaeum ii, no. 4336, 3 December 1910, 696
• 68 A. C. Benson, letter to E. M. Forster 9 December 1910
• 69 ‘A story of remarkably queer people', Western Mail (Cardiff) 10 December 1910, 9
• 70 Unsigned review, World 20 December 1910, 943
• 71 ‘Jacob Tonson' (Arnold Bennett), notice, New Age n.s. viii, no. 11, 12 January 1911, 257
• (American edition) 1911
• 72 Unsigned review, New York Times xvi, 19 February 1911
• 73 An American summing-up, Current Opinion (USA) 1, April 1911, 454
• 74 D. H. Lawrence, letter to E. M. Forster Undated, probably 1915
• 75 Katherine Mansfield's Journal May 1917
• (American edition) 1921
• 76 ‘R. H.', review, New Republic xxvi, 20 April 1921, 246
• 77 Unsigned notice, Dial lxxi, October 1921, 483
• 78 George B. Dutton, review, Spring field Sunday Republican (Springfield, Massachusetts) 1 January 1922, 11a
• 79 T. Sturge Moore, letter to W. B. Yeats 26 April 1911
• The Celestial Omnibus (1911)
• 80 Unsigned notice, Daily Telegraph 17 May 1911, 4
• 81 'A book of phantasies', Doily Mail, May1911
• 82 Dixon Scott, ‘The pipes of Puck', Manchester Guardian 24 May 1911, 7
• 83 Unsigned review, Nation ix, no. 11, 10 June 1911, 410
• 84 Unsigned review, The Times Literary Supplement no. 493, 22 June 1911, 238
• 85 Unsigned notice, Athenaeum no. 4366, i July 1911, 12
• 86 Unsigned notice, Cambridge Review xxxiii, no. 813, 19 October 1911, 40
• The Celestial Omnibus (American edition) 1923
• 87 Unsigned notice, New York Evening Post (Literary Review) 29 September 1923, 83
• 88 D. H. Lawrence, letter to Bertrand Russell 12 February 1915
• The Story of the Siren 1920
• 89 Katherine Mansfield, ‘Throw them overboard!', Athenaeum no. 4711, 13 August 1920, 209–10
• 90 Rebecca West, review, New Statesman xv, no. 385, 28 August 1920
• 91 D, H. Lawrence, letter to E. M. Forster 20 September 1922
• 92 Hamish Miles, Dial lxxvi, May 1924, 452–6
• A Passage To India 1924
• 93 Rose Macaulay, ‘Women in the East', Daily News 4 June 1924, 8
• 94 Unsigned review, The Times Literary Supplement no. 1169, 12 June 1924, 370
• 95 A. C. Benson, letter to E. M. Forster 14 June 1924
• 96 H. C. Harwood, review, Outlook 14 June 1924, 412
• 97 Leonard Woolf, ‘Arch beyond arch', Nation & Athenaeum 14 June 1924, 354
• 98 H. W. Massingham, ‘The price of India's friendship', New Leader 27 June 1924, 10
• 99 Unsigned review, Observer no. 6942, 15 June 1924, 5
• 100 ‘C. M.', review, Manchester Guardian 20 June 1924, 7
• 101 Unsigned review, Birmingham Post 20 June 1924, 3
• 102 Sylvia Lynd, ‘A great novel at last', Time and Tide v, no. 25, 20 June 1924, 592–3
• 103 Gerald Gould, review, Saturday Review cxxxvii, 21 June 1924, 642
• 104 Ralph Wright, review, New Statesman xxiii, 21 June 1924, 317–18
• 105 L. P. Hartley, review, Spectator 28 June 1924, 1048–50
• 106 J. B. Priestley, review, London Mercury x, no. 57, July 1924, 319–20
• 107 R. Ellis Roberts, review, Bookman (London) lxvi, no. 394, July 1924, 220–1
• 108 Marmaduke Pickthall, letter to E. M. Forster 18 July 1924
• 109 D. H. Lawrence, letter to Martin Secker 23 July 1924
• 110 John Middleton Murry, ‘Bo-oum or Ou-boum?', Adelphi ii, no. 2, July 1924, 150–3
• 111 Unsigned notice, Times of India (Bombay) 23 July 1924, 13
• 112 Laurence Stailings, review, World (New York) 13 August 1924, 9
• 113 Edward Carpenter, letter to E. M. Forster 14 August [? 1924]
• 114 ‘A striking novel', Statesman (Calcutta) 15 August 1924, 6
• 115 An Anglo-Indian view August 1924
• 116 Another Anglo-Indian view August 1924
• 117 Rebecca West, ‘Interpreters of their age', Saturday Review of Literature (New York) i, no. 3, 16 August 1924, 42
• 118 Henry W. Nevinson, ‘India's coral strand', Saturday Review of Literature (New York) i, no. 3, 16 August 1924, 43
• 119 ‘D. L. M.', review, Boston Evening Transcript 3 September 1924, 6
• 120 ‘Indians and Anglo-Indians As portrayed to Britons' September 1924
• 121 ‘C. W. G.' review, Englishman (Calcutta) 25 September 1924, 11
• 122 I. P. Fassett, review, Criterion iii, no. 9, October 1924, 137–9
• 123 D. H.LAWRENCE, letter to John Middleton Murry, October 1924
• 124 Elinor Wylie, ‘Passage to more than India', New York Herald Tribune 5 October 1924 (Review of Contemporary Literature, i)
• 125 Edwin Muir, review, Nation (New York) cxix, 8 October 1924, 379–80
• 126 ‘S. A.', review, Springfield Sunday Republican (Springfield, Massachusetts) 19 October 1924, 5a
• 127 Robert Bridges, letter to E. M. Forster 11 November [1924]
• 128 Clarence H. Gaines, review, North American Review ccxx, December 1924, 375–8
• 129 Arnold Bennett's Journals 27 January 1925
• 130 ‘Hommage à M. Forster' by ‘An Indian' 4 August 1928
• 131 Forster's picture of India
• 132 Roger Fry on A Passage to India 1940
• Four Views of Forster 1927
• 133 ‘The novels of E. M. Forster'
• 134 Edward Shanks, ‘E. M. Forster', London Mercury xvi, no. 93, July 1927, 265–74
• 135 T. E. Lawrence on Forster and D. H. Lawrence 6 August 1927
• 136 Virginia Woolf, ‘The novels of E. M. Forster' November 1927
• Aspects of the Novel 1927
• 137 E. F. Benson, ‘A literary mystification', Spectator cxxxix, 29 October 1927, 732
• 138 Virginia Woolf, review, Nation xlii, 12 November 1927 (Nation & Athenaeum Literary Supplement, 247–8)
• 139 L. P. Hartley, review, Saturday Review cxliv, 17 December 1927, 858–9
• The Eternal Moment I928
• 140 EDITH SITWELL, letter to E. M. Forster, March 1928
• 141 Cyril Connolly, notice, New Statesman xxx, 31 March 1928, 797
• 142 Unsigned review, The Times Literary Supplement no. 133, 5 April 1928, 256
• 143 Rachel Annand Taylor, notice, Spectator 7 April 1928, 543–4
• 144 ‘C. M.', review, Manchester Guardian 20 April 1928, 7
• 145 Mary Ross, review, New York Herald Tribune 22 April 1928 (books, 3–4)
• 146 L. P. Hartley, review, Saturday Review 28 April 1928, 530–1
• 147 Unsigned review, Bookman (London) lxxiv, no. 440, May 1928, 138
• 148 Edwin Muir, review, Nation & Athenaeum 12 May 1928, 184
• 149 ‘J. F. S.', review, Boston Evening Transcript 12 May 1928
• 150 Dorothy Bacon Woolsey, notice, New Republic lvi, 29 August 1928, 54
• 151 Howard N. Doughty, Jr, ‘The novels of E. M. Forster‘, Bookman (New York) lxxv, October 1932, 542–9
• 152 E. H. W. Meyerstein, letter to Professor R. M. Dawkins 14 August 1933
• 153 E. K. Brown, ‘E. M. Forster and the contemplative novel‘ April 1934
• Abinger Harvest 1936
• 154 BASIL DE SELINCOURT, review, Manchester Guardian, March 1936
• 155 Elizabeth Bowen, review, Spectator clvi, 20 March 1936, 521
• 156 David Garnett, review, New Statesman & Nation xi, 21 March 1936, 459
• 157 Derek Traversi, ‘The novels of E. M. Forster', Arena i, no. 1, April 1937, 28–40
• 158 Desmond MacCarthy on E. M. Forster, Sunday Times 15 May 1938
• 159 John Crowe Ransom, ‘E. M. Forster', Kenyon Review v (1943), 618–23
• Two Cheers For Democracy 1951
• 160 Norman Shrapnel, review, Manchester Guardian 6 November 1951, 4
• The Hill of Devi 1953
• 161 Richard Hughes, ‘Mr. Forster's quandary', Spectator cxc, 16 October 1953, 432
• 162 L. P. Hartley, ‘Life with the Maharajah', Time and Tide 24 October 1953, 1392
• Marianne Thornton 1956
• 163 Graham Hough, ‘Bachelor aunt', Spectator cxcvi, 11 May 1956, 663
• 164 Ronald Bryden, review, Cambridge Review 12 May 1956, 536
• 165 Naomi Lewis, ‘A cri-de-cœur', New Statesman & Nation li, no. 1313, 12 May 1956, 536
• 166 Pete Hamill, ‘The totemization of E. M. Forster' 27 June 1965
• Maurice 1914 version
• 167 EDWARD CARPENTER, letter to E. M. Forster, August [1914]
• 168 Lytton Strachey, letter to E. M. Forster 12 March 1915
• Maurice 1971
• 169 C. P. Snow, ‘Open windows', Financial Times 7 October 1971
• 170 Walter Allen, ‘The least of Forster', Daily Telegraph 7 October 1971
• 171 Julian Mitchell, ‘Fairy tale', Guardian 7 October 1971
• 172 Michael Ratcliffe, review, The Times 7 October 1971
• 173 Paddy Kitchen, review, The Times Educational Supplement 8 October 1971
• 174 V. S. Pritchett, ‘The upholstered prison', New Statesman 8 October 1971, 479–80
• 175 Alan Hunter, ‘Novel that haunted Forster' 8 October 1971
• 176 Colin Wilson, ‘A man's man', Spectator 9 October 1971
• 177 John Cronin, ‘Publishable—but worth it?', Irish Press (Dublin) 9 October 1971
• 178 Cyril Connolly, ‘Corydon in Croydon', Sunday Times 10 October 1971
• 179 Philip Toynbee, ‘Forster s love story', Observer 10 October 1971, 32
• 180 Nigel Dennis, ‘The love that levels', Sunday Telegraph 10 October 1971
• 181 David Craig, ‘A faulty but brave attempt at candour' 15 October 1971
• 182 David Lodge, ‘Before the deluge', Tablet 23 October 1971, 1024
• Two Valedictory Reviews
• 183 George Steiner, ‘Under the Greenwood Tree', New Yorker 9 October 1971, 158–69
• 184 ‘A chalice for youth', The Times Literary Supplement mccxvi, 8 October 1971
• Select Bibliography
• Index
• E. M. FORSTER