Performance Management

Happiness and Keeping Pace with Technology

Madhu Arora, Poonam Khurana, Sonam Choiden, Madhu Arora, Poonam Khurana, Sonam Choiden

• Publisher: CRC Press
• Year: 2020
• Print ISBN: 9780367466671
• eBook ISBN: 9781000175134
• Topic: Business
• Subtopic: Human Resource Management
• Index: Business

The entrance of fast-paced technology into the workplace necessitates a proper re-look into performance management whether it is in education, marketing, finance, or information technology. Maintaining happiness and wellbeing despite the pressure of performance at work is a serious challenge. Happiness is not only important for work performance, but also for the physical and mental health of human beings. This book provides different concepts, theories, and methods to better understand the relationship between performance and happiness in the context of work in this information and technology era.

Various domains of performance management are covered in the context of management and information technology, including topics related to the performance of digital wallets from the customer's point of view; evaluating the sustainability of micro-finance institutions; challenges in employee retention; problems the workforce faces in IT and management; dimensions of happiness for women in the workplace; the role of happiness in building a meaningful life; and the quality of work life.

The findings are useful for practical applications in management and business scenarios. They also provide informative insights for researchers, academicians, industry professionals, and scholars.

1 Social Media Depression

A Threat to Happiness among Higher Education Students

Bhawna Chahar, Saleena Khan, Pradeep Singh Chahar, Kritika Khandelwal, and Samax Rana Jain

CONTENTS

Introduction

Method

Results

Discussion and Conclusion

References

INTRODUCTION

Social media usage continues to grow around the world, “with global penetration rates now in excess of 30%. Facebook continues to dominate the global landscape, accounting for almost 1.5 billion users. The world’s favourite social platform shows little sign of losing its grip either, with 180 million new users joining the community over the past 12 months, up 13.7% year-on-year” (Smith and Anderson, 2018). Tim Berner Lee’s initiative of “www”’ (World Wide Web) and the resultant upsurge in instantaneous connectivity through the Internet paved the way for social media. The diminishing physical boundaries in cyberspace opened up the possibilities and avenues for social media.

We live in a society that is increasingly saturated by mass media like radio, television, newspapers, magazines, books, movies, and many more; they are like the air we breathe in, ever-present yet rarely considered. Media communications are the different high-tech processes that enable communication between the sender and the receiver of a message. Technology-supported communication combines features of both interpersonal and mass communication. New forms of communication assisted by machines have altered some of the functions and customs of interpersonal communication.

The new media today is being used by all institutions, like familial, economic, political, and educational institutions. Social media usage is becoming common in today’s society for the exchange of information, because of its specific features like interactivity, collective participation, and its ability to be used anytime and anywhere.

Shapiro (1999) argued that the “emergence of new, digital technologies signals a potentially radical shift of who is in control of information, experience and resources.” According to Neuman (1991), “We are witnessing the evolution of a universal interconnected network of audio, video and electronic text communications that will blur the distinction between interpersonal and mass communication and between public and private communication.” As predicted by Neuman, the new media will escalate the opportunities, speed, and volume of communication, and integrate all forms of communication.

“It is estimated that there will be around 258.27 million social network users in India, up from close to 168 million in 2016. Facebook is projected to reach close to 319 million users in India by 2021. With the ease of Internet access, the number of social media users in India stood at 326.1 million in 2018. This increase is relatively lower, as compared to the growth that occurred between 2016 and 2017. Nevertheless, the social network users in the country were expected to be almost 448 million in 2023. Facebook remained the popular choice among the social media platforms as of 2017” (Diwanji, 2019).

This growth in Internet and mobile phones has been due to the impetus given by economic liberalisation, whereby free markets play a much bigger role in Indian society. The population of India in 2018 was 1.35 billion, with >50% of its population below the age of 25, and >65% below the age of 35. Youth today are the product of these incredible technological changes. For them, Internet and mobile phones are not only a means of communication for email, chatting, or getting information, but have also become assisting tools to do different activities, such as shopping, networking, gaming, learning, and expressing themselves in the form of websites, to the level of establishing a virtual world for themselves. In India, the youth forms the majority of the growing Internet user base. This is due to the fact that, mainly, all the applications which are currently available centre on youth who have the power to adapt to changing times and applications very easily.

Indian society is a dynamically interactive society, with people communicating with each other via different social forums like tea stalls, corner gatherings, festivals, marriages, fairs, and many other venues, but the next gen of India is shying away from these venues, and is more engaged with modern technological methods of communication viz. social media. It is interesting to study the rise of depression among Indian youth, as India accounts for the highest number of suicide cases per capita (Pereira, 2016). The current study tries to explore the association of social media with the phenomenon of depression among Indian higher education students.

“Depression is a common mental disorder, characterized by persistent sadness and a loss of interest in activities that one normally enjoys, accompanied by an inability to carry out daily activities, for at least two weeks. Depression is ranked as the single largest contributor to global disability (7.5% of all years lived with disability in 2015) with more than 300 million people now living with depression, an increase of more than 18% between 2005 and 2015 (WHO, 2019) and in the United States, current estimates suggested a lifetime incidence of major depressive disorders between 13.3% and 17.1% and a yearly cross-sectional prevalence ranging from 2.3%–4.9%” (Fava and Cassano, 2008).

Anxiety and depression have adverse effects on teen growth, including lesser educational fulfilment, school dropout, reduced social relationships, and bigger risks of substance abuse, mental health problems, and suicide (Copeland, Angold, Shanahan and Costello, 2014; Gore et al., 2011; Hetrick, Cox, Bir, Witt and Merry, 2016).

According to the National Mental Health Survey 2015-16 of India, “nearly 15% of Indian adults need active intervention for one or more mental health issues and one in 20 Indians suffers from depression. It is estimated that in 2012, India had over 258,000 suicides, with the age-group of 15–49 years being most affected” (WHO, 2019). Social media platforms are web-based sites like Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, Snapchat, WhatsApp, and so on, that allow people to interact with each other and are very popular among adolescents (Rideout, Foehr and Roberts, 2010).

Kaya and Bisen (2016) revealed that “Facebook is used for communication and sharing news, pictures, and songs and also found positive relationship confidences, social media participation and social media related behaviours.” Pornsakulvanich (2017) examined the “influence of self-monitoring and the amount of Facebook use on Facebook addiction, and the associations among self-monitoring, Facebook addiction, Facebook usage, and social support and concluded that the number of friends and low self-monitors were linked to social support.” Some studies also highlighted that among these social media sites, Facebook was used by more than 70% of adolescents (Lenhart, Purcell, Smith, and Zickuhr, 2010).

Several research studies were conducted to assess the association between online social networking and depression, out of which some research studies found that there was an association between social media and depression. Radovic, Gmelin, Stein, and Miller 2017) examined the “social media usage among adolescents diagnosed with depression to explore how social media use may influence and be influenced by psychological distress.”

In the latest studies, adult users who consume more time on Instagram, Facebook and other platforms had substantially (from 13–66%) higher rates of reported depression than those who spent less time (Miller, 2019). Shimoga, Erlyana, and Rebello (2019) examined the “associations between the frequency of social media use and physical activity and sleep adequacy among middle and high school students and found that an optimal level of social media use that was beneficial to a variety of health behaviors would be most beneficial to adolescents who were in the middle of the health behavior spectrum.”

Hardy and Castonguay (2018) highlighted the “relationship between social media and mental wellbeing moderated by age and suggested that young adults, unlike middle-aged adults, are using social media in the way it was intended; to come together and garner social support.” Selfhout et al. (2009) examined the “longitudinal associations of time spent on Internet activities for communication purposes (i.e., IM-ing) versus time spent on Internet activities for non-communication purposes (i.e., surfing) with depression and social anxiety, as well as the moderating role of perceived friendship quality in these associations. Their results supported social compensation effects of IM-ing on de...

Table of contents

• Cover
• Half Title
• Series Page
• Title Page
• Copyright Page
• Table of Contents
• Preface
• Editors
• Contributors
• Chapter 1 Social Media Depression: A Threat to Happiness among Higher Education Students
• Chapter 2 An Analytical Review of Happiness Measurement in Relation to Spirituality Considering the Millennials
• Chapter 3 Email Spam and Malware Filtering Using Machine Learning and Its Applications
• Chapter 4 An In-Depth Analysis of Happiness Levels of Female Teachers at Institutes of Higher Education in Delhi
• Chapter 5 Stress Factors Affecting Students’ Academic Performance in Private Universities
• Chapter 6 Purpose-Driven Business for Sustainable Development: A Case Study of AVAADA Energy Private Limited
• Chapter 7 Cultural Congruence and Shared Mindset Creating a Strategic Fit in Mergers and Acquisitions
• Chapter 8 Analysing the Impact of Work-Related Stress on Performance and Morale of Teachers (A Study of Selected B-School Teachers in Delhi and NCR)
• Chapter 9 Factors Impacting Today’s Classroom Environment: A Study Conducted in Private Universities/Institutions of NCR, India
• Chapter 10 Internet of Things and Data Mining: A Framework
• Chapter 11 An Empirical Work on HR Practices within the Aviation Industry of India
• Chapter 12 Investigating Critical Factors Ministrating Organisations to Achieve Online Reputation Management
• Chapter 13 Awareness of Cybercrime against Women among Students of Higher Educational Institutes in Delhi
• Chapter 14 Managing Customer Relationships Using Customer Lifetime Value and Customer Equity Metrics
• Chapter 15 Impact of Leadership Style and Happiness on Firm Performance: Moderating the Role of Gender
• Index