Thermal Power Plant

Design and Operation

Dipak Sarkar

• Publisher: Elsevier
• Year: 2015
• Print ISBN: 9780128015759
• eBook ISBN: 9780128017555
• Topic: Technology & Engineering
• Subtopic: Electrical Engineering & Telecommunications
• Index: Technology & Engineering

Thermal Power Plant: Design and Operation deals with various aspects of a thermal power plant, providing a new dimension to the subject, with focus on operating practices and troubleshooting, as well as technology and design. Its author has a 40-long association with thermal power plants in design as well as field engineering, sharing his experience with professional engineers under various training capacities, such as training programs for graduate engineers and operating personnel.Thermal Power Plant presents practical content on coal-, gas-, oil-, peat- and biomass-fueled thermal power plants, with chapters in steam power plant systems, start up and shut down, and interlock and protection. Its practical approach is ideal for engineering professionals.- Focuses exclusively on thermal power, addressing some new frontiers specific to thermal plants- Presents both technology and design aspects of thermal power plants, with special treatment on plant operating practices and troubleshooting- Features a practical approach ideal for professionals, but can also be used to complement undergraduate and graduate studies

Chapter 1

Steam Power Plant Cycles

Thermodynamics deals with the conversion of one form of energy to another. In a thermodynamic cycle a fluid is returned to its initial state after transfer of heat/work across the system boundary. Laws of thermodynamics form the basis on which the whole foundation of thermodynamics is developed. The first law of thermodynamics states that heat and work are mutually convertible, and the second law of Thermodynamics states that work must always be less than heat. From the entropy of a fluid we can assess the degree of conversion of heat into work. The Carnot Cycle lays the foundation of second law of thermodynamics. The Rankine cycle calculates the maximum possible work that can be developed by an engine using dry saturated steam between the pressure limits of boiler and condenser. With the help of reheat-regenerative cycle the efficiency of a plant can be enhanced substantially. Other cycles of interest are the Kalina cycle, binary, vapor cycle, etc.

Keywords

system; boundary; cycle; work; heat; entropy; efficiency; reheat; regenerative; Kalina; binary vapor

1.1 Introduction

The science of thermodynamics covers various concepts and laws describing the conversion of one form of energy to another, e.g., conversion of heat energy into mechanical energy as in a steam or gas turbine or conversion of chemical energy into heat energy as observed during the combustion of fuel. The science of thermodynamics also deals with the various systems that are put into service to perform such conversions. A system in thermodynamics refers to a definite quantity of matter bounded by a specified region (Figure 1.1), where the transfer and conversion of mass and energy take place. A boundary is a surface that separates the quantity of matter under investigation from its surroundings. While the region may not be fixed in either shape or volume, the boundary either may be a physical one, as the walls of a pressure vessel, or it could be an imaginary surface [1,2].

Figure 1.1 Configuration of a system. Source: (This is Google’s cache); http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:System_boundary.svg. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermodynamic_system.

There are two types of thermodynamic systems: open and closed. In an open system, mass enters or leaves through the s...

Table of contents

• Cover image
• Title page
• Table of Contents
• Copyright
• Dedication
• Acknowledgements
• Preface
• List of Acronyms/Abbreviations
• Chapter 1. Steam Power Plant Cycles
• Chapter 2. Steam Generators
• Chapter 3. Fuels and Combustion
• Chapter 4. Pulverized Coal-Fired Boilers
• Chapter 5. Fluidized-Bed Combustion Boilers
• Chapter 6. Steam Turbines
• Chapter 7. Gas Turbine and Heat Recovery Steam Generator
• Chapter 8. Diesel Power Plant
• Chapter 9. Steam Power Plant Systems
• Chapter 10. Automatic Control
• Chapter 11. Interlock and Protection
• Chapter 12. Start-Up and Shut-Down
• Chapter 13. Abnormal Operating Conditions
• Chapter 14. Air Pollution Control
• Chapter 15. Codes and Standards for Power Plant Design and Operation
• Appendix A. Power from Renewable Energy
• Appendix B. Power from Nuclear Energy
• Appendix C
• Index