New and Future Developments in Microbial Biotechnology and Bioengineering

Trends of Microbial Biotechnology for Sustainable Agriculture and Biomedicine Systems: Diversity and Functional Perspectives

Ali Asghar Rastegari, Ajar Nath Yadav, Neelam Yadav

• Publisher: Elsevier
• Year: 2020
• Print ISBN: 9780128205266
• eBook ISBN: 9780128205273
• Topic: Technology & Engineering
• Subtopic: Chemical & Biochemical Engineering
• Index: Technology & Engineering

New and Future Developments in Microbial Biotechnology and Bioengineering: Trends of Microbial Biotechnology for Sustainable Agriculture and Biomedicine Systems: Diversity and Functional Perspectives describes how specific techniques can be used to generalize the metabolism of bacteria that optimize biologic improvement strategies and bio-transport processes. Microbial biotechnology focuses on microbes of agricultural, environmental, industrial, and clinical significance. This volume discusses several methods based on molecular genetics, systems, and biology of synthetic, genomic, proteomic, and metagenomics. Recent developments in our understanding of the role of microbes in sustainable agriculture and biotechnology have created a highly potential research area. The soil and plant microbiomes have a significant role in plant growth promotion, crop yield, soil health and fertility for sustainable developments. The microbes provide nutrients and stimulate plant growth through different mechanisms, including solubilization of phosphorus, potassium, and zinc; biological nitrogen fixation; production of siderophore, ammonia, HCN and other secondary metabolites which are antagonistic against pathogenic microbes. This new book provides an indispensable reference source for engineers/bioengineers, biochemists, biotechnologists, microbiologists, agrochemists, and researchers who want to know about the unique properties of this microbe and explore its sustainable agriculture future applications.- Introduces the principles of microbial biotechnology and its application in plant growth and soil health for sustainable agriculture- Explores various plant microbiomes and their beneficial impact on plant growth for crop improvement- Explains the mechanisms of plant-microbe interaction and plant growth promotion- Includes current applications of microbial consortium for enhance production of crop in eco-friendly manners

Chapter 1

Tiny microbes, big yields: Microorganisms for enhancing food crop production for sustainable development

Archana Singh^a; Rekha Kumari^a; Ajar Nath Yadav^b; Shashank Mishra^c; Ashish Sachan^d; Shashwati Ghosh Sachan^{a a} Department of Bio-Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
^b Department of Biotechnology, Dr. KSG Akal College of Agriculture, Eternal University, Baru Sahib, Himachal Pradesh, India
^c Biotech Park, Lucknow, India
^d Department of Life Sciences, Central University of Jharkhand, Ranchi, India

Abstract

Plant-associated microbiomes are diverse and enormous as well as can be best explored in farming sector as the potential tool to improve the plant flexibility and yields. The advent of biological technologies prefer microbes or their metabolites as the reliable and efficient tool for enhanced nutrient uptake, product yield, pests control as well as to alleviate plant stress responses. However, the potential of microbial technology followed by their effectiveness and reliability need to be improved extensively under the realistic conditions. There has been an emerging interest toward the application of optimized environmental-friendly microbial biofertilizers and biopesticides in various soils and crop varieties. During crop breeding programs, the understanding of beneficial plant-microbe interactions would be beneficial to breed ‘microbe-optimized plants.’ Further, microbiome engineering needs to be explored to select the potential microbial consortia best suited to support plant. Eventually, the integration of crop breeding programs with microbiome engineering is required to significantly improve crop yields which in turn maximize benefits and overcome the problems associated with food security.

Keywords

Food security; Microbial diversity; Microbiome; Plant microbiomes; Sustainable developments

1.1 Introduction

Due to the rising demand for food and fiber at the global level, improved and sustainable agricultural practices are required to combat adverse climatic conditions. The incorporation of such sustainable practices would be preferable over classical practices for improved yield of agricultural goods from the existing arable land under deteriorating soil and water quality conditions. “Sustainable increases in agricultural productivity are critical to address multiple sustainable development goals (SDGs) including zero hunger (SDG 2), no poverty (SDG 1), and good health and well-being (SDG 3).” According to the survey, global population is expected to exceed 9 billion by 2050. Hence, to meet the food requirement of such large population, crop productivity needs to be increased by 70%–100%. Additionally, these advanced practices act as a savior of agricultural produce against new developing and prevalent pests and pathogens. ‘Phytomicrobiome’ is a sustainable and effective approach for the improvement in both farm productivity and food quality (Yadav et al., 2020b, 2020c). The harnessing of natural resources in the agriculture sector not only improves farm productivity but also promotes environmental and social outcomes in a positive manner. In conventional farming, widespread use of chemi...

Table of contents

• Cover image
• Title page
• Table of Contents
• Copyright
• Contributors
• Chapter 1: Tiny microbes, big yields: Microorganisms for enhancing food crop production for sustainable development
• Chapter 2: The contribution of microbial biotechnology to sustainable development in agriculture and allied sectors
• Chapter 3: Microbial technologies to enhance crop production for future needs
• Chapter 4: Role and potential applications of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria for sustainable agriculture
• Chapter 5: Mechanistic understanding of the root microbiome interaction for sustainable agriculture in polluted soils
• Chapter 6: Plant root-microbe relationship for shaping root microbiome modification in benefit agriculture
• Chapter 7: Biodiversity, phylogenetic profiling, and mechanisms of colonization of seed microbiomes
• Chapter 8: Biotechnological applications of seed microbiomes for sustainable agriculture and environment
• Chapter 9: Microbial biofilms: Beneficial applications for sustainable agriculture
• Chapter 10: Phytases from microbes in phosphorus acquisition for plant growth promotion and soil health
• Chapter 11: Potassium solubilizing and mobilizing microbes: Biodiversity, mechanisms of solubilization, and biotechnological implication for alleviations of abiotic stress
• Chapter 12: Scientific health assessments in agriculture ecosystems—Towards a common research framework for plants and human
• Chapter 13: Cyanobacteria: A perspective paradigm for agriculture and environment
• Chapter 14: The role of microbial signals in plant growth and development: Current status and future prospects
• Chapter 15: Microbial biopesticides: Current status and advancement for sustainable agriculture and environment
• Chapter 16: Saline microbiome: Biodiversity, ecological significance, and potential role in amelioration of salt stress
• Chapter 17: Global scenario and future prospects of the potential microbiomes for sustainable agriculture
• Chapter 18: Microbial biotechnology for sustainable agriculture: Current research and future challenges
• Index