Heterogeneous Catalytic Materials

Solid State Chemistry, Surface Chemistry and Catalytic Behaviour

Guido Busca

• Publisher: Elsevier
• Year: 2014
• Print ISBN: 9780444595249
• eBook ISBN: 9780444595218
• Topic: Technology & Engineering
• Subtopic: Physical & Theoretical Chemistry
• Index: Technology & Engineering

Heterogeneous Catalytic Materials discusses experimental methods and the latest developments in three areas of research: heterogeneous catalysis; surface chemistry; and the chemistry of catalysts. Catalytic materials are those solids that allow the chemical reaction to occur efficiently and cost-effectively. This book provides you with all necessary information to synthesize, characterize, and relate the properties of a catalyst to its behavior, enabling you to select the appropriate catalyst for the process and reactor system. Oxides (used both as catalysts and as supports for catalysts), mixed and complex oxides and salts, halides, sulfides, carbides, and unsupported and supported metals are all considered. The book encompasses applications in industrial chemistry, refinery, petrochemistry, biomass conversion, energy production, and environmental protection technologies. - Provides a systematic and clear approach of the synthesis, solid state chemistry and surface chemistry of all solid state catalysts - Covers widely used instrumental techniques for catalyst characterization, such as x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and more - Includes characterization methods and lists all catalytic behavior of the solid state catalysts - Discusses new developments in nanocatalysts and their advantages over conventional catalysts

Chapter 1

Heterogeneous Catalysts

Abstract

The merits of industrial chemistry as a production activity and the role of heterogeneous catalysis are briefly reviewed. A summary of the families of solid catalysts is proposed. Some information on the industrial catalyst production and international publications on catalysts and catalysis is given.

Kewords

Industrial chemistry; heterogeneous catalysis; catalytic materials; catalyst producers; catalysis journals

Chapter Outline

1.1 Introduction 1

1.1.1 On the merits of industrial chemistry as a production activity 1

1.1.2 Catalysis and its role in industrial chemistry 2

1.1.3 Why solid catalysts? 3

1.1.4 Industrial catalytic materials 5

References 7

1.1. Introduction

1.1.1. On the merits of industrial chemistry as a production activity

At the beginning of the third millennium, few disciplines such as industrial chemistry are in a difficult situation and, together, transformation with exciting prospects. Public opinion attributes to chemistry, and not without a few good reasons, the environmental degradation, with its harmful consequences.

However, the merits of chemistry as an industrial activity are actually largely unknown to people and neglected by experts that would know them. In fact, industrial chemistry is a service activity, allowing in particular the production of materials and molecules that are strictly needed by other activities to obtain their goals.

It is well evident, for example, that the exponential growth and improving of information and telecommunication technologies are largely dependent from the development of suitable materials made available by the product and process developments of industrial chemistry. It is sufficient to think about the number of chemical components (constituting conducting electrodes, insulating components, dyes, polymers) involved in the i-phone touch screens, and to understand how chemistry and industrial chemistry contributed to the development of electronic technologies.

By analogy, we can say that, without the past development of industrial chemistry and processes, the cars, aircraft, household electrical appliances and equipments, etc., of today would not be available.

Similarly, part of the development of medicine is due to the development, at the research level, of new active drug molecules as well as, at the industrial level, of efficient synthesis processes, allowing them to be obtained at moderate costs. Medicine also takes advantage of instrumentations in part, based on chemical analytical techniques, as well as of materials and chemicals that become unique. An example is polyvinyl chloride, which is the main component of hospital wastes, proving its very large application in the medical equipment. Another example is that of sodium hypochlor...

Table of contents

• Cover image
• Title page
• Table of Contents
• Copyright
• Chapter 1. Heterogeneous Catalysts
• Chapter 2. Preparation of Solid Catalysts: A Short Summary
• Chapter 3. Characterization of Real Catalytic Materials: An Overview
• Chapter 4. Practical Application and Testing of Catalytic Materials: A Synthesis
• Chapter 5. Acid and Basic Catalysts: Fundamentals
• Chapter 6. Metal Oxides as Acid-Base Catalytic Materials
• Chapter 7. Zeolites and Other Structurally Microporous Solids as Acid–Base Materials
• Chapter 8. Other Solid Acid and Basic Catalytic Materials
• Chapter 9. Metal Catalysts for Hydrogenations and Dehydrogenations
• Chapter 10. Catalysts for Hydrogenations, Dehydrogenations and Metathesis: Sulfides and Oxides
• Chapter 11. Oxidation Catalysts
• Chapter 12. Polymerization Catalysts and Heterogenized Homogeneous Catalysts
• Chapter 13. Heterogeneous Catalysts and Biomass Conversion
• Index