Handbook of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry

Recent Advances, Techniques and Applications

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• Publisher: Elsevier Science
• Year: 2011
• eBook ISBN: 9780080556314
• Topic: Physical Sciences
• Subtopic: Mathematical Analysis

This is Volume 5 of a Handbook that has been well-received by the thermal analysis and calorimetry community. All chapters in all five volumes are written by international experts in the subject. The fifth volume covers recent advances in techniques and applications that complement the earlier volumes. The chapters refer wherever possible to earlier volumes, but each is complete in itself. The latest recommendations on Nomenclature are also included. Amongst the important new techniques that are covered are micro-thermal analysis, pulsed thermal analysis, fast-scanning calorimetery and the use of quartz-crystal microbalances. There are detailed reviews of heating - stage spectroscopy, the range of electrical techniques available, applications in rheology, catalysis and the study of nanoparticles. The development and application of isoconversional methods of kinetic analysis are described and there are comprehensive chapters on the many facets of thermochemistry and of measuring thermophysical properties. Applications to inorganic and coordination chemistry are reviewed, as are the latest applications in medical and dental sciences, including the importance of polymorphism. The volume concludes with a review of the use and importance of thermal analysis and calorimetry in quality control.* Updates and complements previous volumes* Internationally recognized experts as authors * Each chapter complete in itself

Chapter 1

Introduction to Recent Advances, Techniques and Applications of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry

Michael E. Brown^a and Patrick K. Gallagher^b, ^aChemistry Department, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, 6140 South Africa; ^b409 South Way Court, Salem, SC 29676, U.S.A.

1 The Handbook of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry

Details of this well-established series are given at the following website: http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/bookseriesdescription.cws_home/BS_HATAC/description

The Series Editor is Emeritus Professor Patrick Gallagher.

VOLUME 1 - PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE (Edited by Michael Brown) was published in 1998;

VOLUME 2 - APPLICATIONS TO INORGANIC AND MISCELLANEOUS MATERIALS (Edited by Patrick Gallagher and Michael Brown) was published in 2003;

VOLUME 3 - APPLICATIONS TO POLYMERS AND PLASTICS (Edited by Stephen Cheng) was published in 2002;

VOLUME 4 - FROM MACROMOLECULES TO MAN (Edited by Richard Kemp) was published in 1999.

Detailed Contents of these four volumes are given in the preliminary pages of this volume.

In the nine years since the appearance of Volume 1 in 1998, the techniques of thermal analysis and calorimetry have naturally advanced and the applications have broadened even further. Excellent surveys of these developments are the bi-annual reviews in the journal Analytical Chemistry, originally compiled by the late Connie Murphy and extended by the late David Dollimore and colleagues [D. Dollimore and S. Lerdkanchanaporn, Anal. Chem., 70 (12) (1998)27-36; D. Dollimore and P. Phang, Anal. Chem., 72 (12) (2000) 27-36.] and now compiled by Sergey Vyazovkin [S. Vyazovkin, Anal. Chem., 74 (2002) 2749-2762; 76 (2004) 3299-3312; 78 (2006) 3875-3886.].

2 The Literature of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry

In Volume 1 [p 49-72] of this series, Hemminger and Sarge surveyed the literature available at that time. Since 1998 the major additions to the literature include the following.

2.1 Books

E.A. Turi (Ed.), Thermal Characteristics of Polymeric Materials, 2nd Edn, Academic, San Diego, 1997, Vols. 1 and 2.

T. Hatakeyama and F.X. Quinn, Thermal Analysis: Fundamentals and Applications to Polymer Science, 2nd Edn, John Wiley & Sons, Chichester, 1999.

A.K. Galwey and M.E. Brown, Thermal Decomposition of Ionic Solids, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1999.

P. Haines (Ed.), Principles of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, Royal Society of Chemistry: London, 2002.

O.T. Sorensen and J. Rouquerol (Eds), Sample Controlled Thermal Analysis: Origin, Goals, Multiple Forms, Applications and Future, Kluwer, Dordrecht, 2003.

M.E. Brown, Introduction to Thermal Analysis, 2nd Edn, Kluwer, Dordrecht, 2001.

B. Wunderlich, Thermal Analysis of Polymeric Materials, Springer, Berlin, 2005.

G.W. Ehrenstein, G. Riedel and P. Trawiel, Thermal Analysis of Plastics: Theory and Practice, Hanser Gardner, Cincinnatti, 2004.

T. Hatakeyama and H. Hatakeyama, Thermal Properties of Green Polymers and Biocomposites, Kluwer, Dordrecht, 2004.

D. Lörinczy (Ed.), The Nature of Biological Systems as Revealed by Thermal Methods, Kluwer, Dordrecht, 2004.

M. Sorai (Ed.), Comprehensive Handbook of Calorimetry and Thermal Analysis, John Wiley, Hoboken, NJ, 2004.

B.V. L’vov, Thermal Decomposition of Solid and Liquid Substances, St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, Publisher, 2006, in Russian. English edition in preparation to be published by Springer.

2.2 Major conferences and their proceedings

2.2.1 International

1998 7th European Symposium on Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry (ESTAC), Balaton-Füred, Hungary. [J. Kristóf and C. Novák (Eds), J. Therm. Anal. Cal., 56 (1999) 1-1479.]

2000 12th International Congress on Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry (ICTAC), Copenhagen, Denmark. [O. Toft Sørensen and P. Juul Møller (Eds), J. Therm. Anal. Cal., 64 (2001) 1-1339.]

2000 2nd International Symposium on Calorimetry and Thermal Effects in Catalysis, Lyon, France [Thermochim. Acta, 379 (2001) 1-278].

2002 8th European Symposium on Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry (ESTAC), Barcelona, Spain [R. Nomen and J. Sempere (Eds), J. Thermal Anal., 72 (2003) 1-1181].

2004 13th ICTAC, Sardinia.

[A. Schiraldi and B. Marongiu, (Eds), J. Therm. Anal. Cal., 80 (2005) 1-801.]

2004 13th Conference of the International Society for Biological Calorimetry, Würzburg-Veitshöchheim, Germany [Thermochim. Acta, 422(2004) 1-130.]

2004 3rd International Symposium on Calorimetry and Thermal Effects in Catalysis, Lyon, France [Thermochim. Acta, 434 (2001) 1-182].

2006 9th ESTAC in Krakow, Poland.

Forthcoming conferences in this series are: 2008 14th ICTAC in Brazil.

2.2.2 The annual conferences of the North American Thermal Analysis Society (NATAS)

1998 26th NATAS conference, Cleveland, Ohio [Thermochim. Acta, 357/358(2000) 1-334.]

1999 27th NATAS conference, Savannah, Georgia (This conference was cancelled due to a hurricane, but the proceedings, dedicated to David Dollimore, were published in Thermochim. Acta, 367 (2001) 1-455.)

2000 28th NATAS conference, Orlando, Florida

2001 29th NATAS conference, St. Louis, Missouri

[Thermochim. Acta, 396 (2003) 1-234].

2002 30th NATAS conference, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania

2003 31st NATAS conference, Albuquerque, New Mexico

2004 32nd NATAS conference, Williamsburg, Virginia

2005 33rd NATAS conference, Universal City, California

2006 34th NATAS conference, Bowling Green, Kentucky

Other regional and specialist group conferences have also been held. Medicta 2003, Porto, Portugal [Thermochim. Acta, 420 (2004) 1-180].

2.3 Websites

The offical website of the International Confederation for Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry (ICTAC) is: www.ictac.org

The 40th Anniversary Issue (1965-2005) of ICTAC News contains a wealth of information on the history of ICTAC and its Affiliated Societies.

The THERMAL list-server:

http://www.egr.msu.edu/mailman/listinfo/thermal initiated by Michael Rich at Michigan State University, provides a forum of experts willing to advise on thermoanalytical problems.

3 Nomenclature

The nomenclature of thermal analysis continues to be a controversial and incompletely resolved topic. The system proposed by the ICTAC Nomenclature Committee chaired by W. Hemminger and described in detail by Hemminger and Sarge in Volume 1 [Vol 1, p 1-31] has since been reconsidered by a further Committee and the latest recommendations, which have been approved by the Council of ICTAC and by ASTM, are presented by Rouquerol et al. in Chapter 2 of this Volume. The current Committee has followed the advice of the late Robert Mackenzie in that:

– terminology should be simple;

– abbreviations kept to a minimum;

– names based on particular instruments should be discouraged.

Definition of the field of Thermal Analysis (TA)

“Thermal Analysis (TA) is the study of the relationship between a sample property and its temperature as the sample is heated or cooled in a controlled manner”.

The nomenclature of Calorimetry is also dealt with in Chapter 2. The basic criterion that the authors use to distinguish different types of calorimeters is on the basis of the heat exchanges between the system and the thermostat. Two broad families result, namely:

“Adiabatic” calorimeters, where the aim is to avoid any exchange of heat between the system S and the surrounding thermostat T

“Diathermal” calorimeters, where the aim is, on the contrary, to favour the above heat exchange

4 Recent Advances in Techniques

Amongst the important advanc...

Table of contents

• Cover image
• Title page
• Table of Contents
• Handbook of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry
• Copyright page
• Foreword
• Preface to Volume 5
• Contributors
• Chapter 1: Introduction to Recent Advances, Techniques and Applications of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry
• Chapter 2: Developments in Nomenclature
• Chapter 3: Micro-Thermal Analysis and Related Techniques
• Chapter 4: Pulse Thermal Analysis
• Chapter 5: The Quartz Crystal Microbalance
• Chapter 6: Heating Stage Spectroscopy: Infrared, Raman, Energy Dispersive X-Ray and X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy
• Chapter 7: Electric Techniques
• Chapter 8: Benefits and Potentials of High Performance Differential Scanning Calorimetry (HPer DSC)
• Chapter 9: Dynamic Pulse Calorimetry – Thermophysical Properties of Solid and Liquid Metals and Alloys
• Chapter 10: Surface Properties of Nanoparticles
• Chapter 11: Heterogeneous Catalysis on Solids
• Chapter 12: Coordination Compounds and Inorganics
• Chapter 13: Isoconversional Kinetics
• Chapter 14: Thermochemistry
• Chapter 15: Thermal Analysis and Rheology
• Chapter 16: Polymorphism
• Chapter 17: Applications of Thermal Analysis to the Study of Dental Materials
• Chapter 18: Medical Applications of Thermal Methods
• Chapter 19: Quality Control
• Index