Handbook of Loss Prevention and Crime Prevention

Lawrence J. Fennelly

• Publisher: Butterworth-Heinemann
• Year: 2019
• ISBN:
  9780128172735
• Edition: 6
• Topic: Jura
• Subtopic: Forensik

Handbook of Loss Prevention and Crime Prevention, Sixth Edition, continues to serve as the preeminent, comprehensive resource for devising practical, modern solutions for securing people and property. The book presents the latest key applications for securing structures with Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED), including plan review, report writing, presentation skills, lighting, zoning and behavioral management. Other sections address the latest issues related to active shooter situations, information technology, and international terrorism. Practical examples are provided, exploring applications for limiting retail crime and employing disaster readiness strategies.

Edited by seasoned, trusted security practitioner Lawrence Fennelly, the book features contributions by some of the most well-known experts in the field. Readers will find this book to be a trusted resource for physical security professionals, students and certification candidates who must navigate, and make sense of, today's most pressing domestic and international security issues.

• Covers every important topic in the field, including new coverage of active shooters, terroristic threats, and the latest on wireless security applications, data analysis and visualization, situational crime prevention, and global security standards and compliance issues
• Provides a comprehensive examination on the content and skills necessary for passing the ASIS Certified Protection Professional (CPP) exam
• Features contributions from the leading, most trusted subject-matter experts in the field

Chapter 1

Designing security and working with architects, part 1

Matthew R. Dimmick and Lawrence J. Fennelly, Security Consultant

Abstract

This chapter on designing buildings and site layout addresses topics such as how landscaping can be a useful crime prevention and CPTED tool. Careful placing of suitable plant and tree species can reduce opportunities for concealment or vandalism and help define public and private spaces. Good deterrent plants, such as berberis, robinia, and rose varieties, can be employed where suitable. Conversely, poorly designed, ill-maintained landscaping schemes may obscure views and create shadows and places for people to hide, thereby encouraging opportunist criminals and increasing fear of crime.

Keywords

Designing for security; ADA requirements; fire and safety regulations and codes; natural surveillance; CPTED principles and strategies; audits/assessment/future needs and risks

Security must be supported by designing and managing spaces and buildings to define clearly legitimate boundaries between private, semi-private, community-group and public space.

CPTED Guidelines, Queensland, Australia, 2007

Introduction

Why get involved and work with architect?

We are pondering this question because we want to try to answer this in a noncomplicated way. We have always said “It’s like conducting a risk assessment, but the property isn’t built yet.” As you know, the security assessment is custom tailored for each project but typically includes the tasks, such as risk identification and analysis; threat and vulnerability assessment; review of site and facility security; and analysis of crime data, including loss history, police calls for service, crime statistics, and crime forecast reports. In addition, review of physical security systems, of electronic security systems, and of architectural security plans¹ take place before a hole is in the ground.

Also to reduce the vulnerability of people and property to crime by removing opportunities which may be unwittingly provided by the built environment. It also aims to reduce fear of crime and, in doing so, improve people’s quality of life.

Physical security systems

Physical security concerns the physical measures designed to safeguard people; prevent unauthorized access to equipment, installations, material, and documents; and safeguard against terrorist attacks and even detect an active shooter. As such, all security operations face new and complex physical security challenges across the full spectrum of your operations. Challenges relative to physical security include the control of populations, information dominance, multinational and interagency connectivity, antiterrorism, and the use of physical security assets as a versatile force multiplier.

A physical security systems infrastructure is a network of electric security systems and devices that is configured, operated, maintained, and enhanced to provide security functions and services (such as operational and emergency communications and notification, intrusion detection, physical access control, video surveillance, visitor management, officer patrol tour management, and security administration) to achieve specific risk mitigation objectives.²

My concern was always about the products that would be used, “Am I getting the very latest in technology or something on the shelf.” So you need to ask specific question, such as what control panel will be used, manufactured, and modeled, and is this the latest model unit. Addition security concerns are barriers, bollards, and fences, access control, locking devices, intrusion detection systems, fire alarm system, security surveillance system (CCTV), doors and windows hardware, and security lighting.

Designing security into a project need not increase costs and can work out cheaper in the long term. However, it does require some thought and imagination. The best solutions often result from a coordinated approach, bringing together the ideas and experience of the developer, the designer, the local authority, the police, and the community.

Natural surveillance and natural access control

The clarity of the properties and their boundaries: a clear definition of space and real estate provides a basis for identifying the responsibilities and the competences of the stakeholders in charge of surveillance.

The visibility of the spaces: the design of the space impacts on the capacity to “see and be seen” with regard to both the human and technical surveillance modes.

The accessibility of the space for those in charge of surveillance: surveillance capacities are dependent on it. If access to an area is not physically possible, clear sight lines can improve the quality of visual surveillance from outside the site.

How can design reduce crime?

Crime is the product of many factors. However, studies have shown that design is an element that can influence the occurrence of crime—both positively and negatively. The aim of “designing out crime” is to reduce the vulnerability of people and property to crime by removing opportunities that may be unwittingly provided by the built environment. It also aims to reduce the fear of crime and, in doing so, improve people’s quality of life.

Designing security into a project need not increase costs and can work out cheaper in the long term. However, it does require some thought and imagination. The best solutions often result from a coordinated approach, bringing together the ideas and experience of the developer, the designer, the local authority, the police, and the community.

Open spaces and landscaping

Open spaces should be designed for maximum surveillance to encourage their use rather than misuse.³ Pedestrian routes through open spaces should be carefully designed to ensure safety and convenience and have good overall levels of lighting and clear signposting.

Landscaping can be a useful crime prevention and CPTED tool. Careful placing of suitable plant and tree species can reduce opportunities for concealment or vandal...