Electrochemical Water Treatment Methods

Fundamentals, Methods and Full Scale Applications

Mika Sillanpaa, Marina Shestakova, Mika Silanpää, Mika Sillanpää

• Publisher: Butterworth-Heinemann
• Year: 2017
• Print ISBN: 9780128114629
• eBook ISBN: 9780128114636
• Topic: Technology & Engineering
• Subtopic: Environmental Management
• Index: Technology & Engineering

Electrochemical Methods for Water Treatment: Fundamentals, Methods and Full Scale Applications covers all traditional, emerging and combined methods currently available for the treatment of surface, drinkable water and industrial wastewater. Topics covered include an overview of pollutants and treatment methods, an extended introduction to electrochemical processes in water treatment, electrochemical oxidation (including electrodesinfection, electrochemical reduction, electrocoagulation, electroflotation, and electrodialysis. In addition, emerging and combined methods are presented, as is a discussion on the available equipment necessary to scale up the operation of all methods. Electrochemical technologies have many common issues in terms of design, operation and performance. This book brings together a wealth of information on all different methods in a single source to provide broad insights and enable the connection between challenges and opportunities for different methods. The combination of technical information, design and case studies offered helps researchers better understand the challenges associated with scale up and implementation. - Covers all electrochemical methods for water treatment - Includes methods for the treatment of surface, drinking water and industrial wastewater - Presents discussions on equipment in the context of scaling up the operation

Chapter 1

Introduction

Mika Sillanpää, and Marina Shestakova Lappeenranta University of Technology, Lappeenranta, Finland

Abstract

Less than 0.007% of freshwater from the total world water volume is easily accessible. The rapid growth of the population, the high level of industrialization, and intensification of agriculture are accompanied by pollution of the environment and water sources in particular. Traditional water treatment methods can no longer comply with tightening environmental standards. Electrochemical water treatment methods have a number of advantages over conventional methods such as compact reactor vessels, high pollutant removal efficiencies, no additional chemicals for process operation, broad area of applicability, insensitivity to toxic compound, and decreased formation or the total absence of secondary wastes generation. Electrochemical processes are accompanied by electrode reactions caused by the passage of electric current. The efficiency of electrochemical water treatments depends on the electrode material, nature and temperature of electrolyte solution, rate-limiting step of electrode reaction kinetics, etc. This chapter summarizes the information on water pollutants and electrochemical phenomena used in water treatment processes.

Keywords

Classification of electrochemical water treatment methods; Electrochemical water treatment principles; Fundamentals of electrochemistry; Pollutant classification; Water supply sources; Principles of electrolysis

Nomenclature

Latin alphabet
Q	Electric charge	C
I	Current	A
t	Time	s
m	Mass of the substance liberated or deposited at an electrode
M	Molar mass of a substance	g/mol
F	Faraday constant	96485.33289(59) C/mol
NA	Avogadro's number	6.022141·10^23 mol^−1
e	Elementary charge of an electron	1.6021766·10^−19 C
z	Number of electrons participating in reaction
E	Cell potential at a given temperature	V
E^0	Standard cell potential	V
R	Universal gas constant	8.314472 (15) J/K mol
T	Temperature	K
Qr	Reaction quotient
K	Electrochemical equivalent of a substance
Vs	Solution volume	dm^3
ΔCOD	COD decay	g/dm
E0Red,cathode	Standard reduction potential for the reduction half reaction occurring at the cathode	V
E0Red,anode	Standard reduction potential for the oxidation half reaction occurring at the anode	V
ΔG	Change in the Gibbs energy	J/mol
W	Work by the galvanic cell for the chemical transformation of 1 mol of the reactant	J/mol
ΔH	Change in process enthalpy	J/mol
Table Continued

ΔS	Change in process entropy	J/K mol
γ	Activity coefficient
a	Activity	mol/cm^3
ae/as	Ion activities in the near-electrode layer/the bulk solution, respectively	mol/cm^3
A	Electrode area	cm^2
j	Current density	A/cm^2
j0	Ex...

Table of contents

• Cover image
• Title page
• Table of Contents
• Copyright
• Chapter 1. Introduction
• Chapter 2. Electrochemical Water Treatment Methods
• Chapter 3. Emerging and Combined Electrochemical Methods
• Chapter 4. Equipment for Electrochemical Water Treatment
• Appendices
• Index