Breeding Oilseed Crops for Sustainable Production

Opportunities and Constraints

Surinder Kumar Gupta

• Publisher: Academic Press
• Year: 2015
• Print ISBN: 9780128013090
• eBook ISBN: 9780128014691
• Topic: Biological Sciences
• Subtopic: Botany
• Index: Biological Sciences

Breeding Oilseed Crops for Sustainable Production: Opportunities and Constraints presents key insights into accelerating the breeding of sustainable and superior varieties.The book explores the genetic engineering/biotechnology that has played a vital role in transforming economically important traits from distant/wild species to cultivated varieties, enhancing the quality and quantity of oil and seed yield production. Integrated nutrient management, efficient water management, and forecasting models for pests diseases outbreaks and integrated pest and pest management have also added new dimensions in breeding for sustainable production. With the rise in demand, the scientific community has responded positively by directing a greater amount of research towards sustainable production both for edible and industrial uses.Covering the latest information on various major world oil crops including rapeseed mustard, sunflower, groundnut, sesame, oilpalm, cotton, linseed/flax, castor and olive, this book brings the latest advances together in a single volume for researchers and advanced level students.- Describes various methods and systems to achieve sustainable production in all major oilseed crops- Addresses breeding, biology and utilization aspects simultaneously including those species whose information is not available elsewhere- Includes information on modern biotechnological and molecular techniques and production technologies- Relevant for international government, industrial and academic programs in research and development

Chapter 1

Strategies for Increasing the Production of Oilseed on a Sustainable Basis

Rameshwer Dass Gupta^*

Surinder Kumar Gupta^**
* Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology of Jammu, Chatha, Jammu (J&K), India
^** Division of Plant Breeding & Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology Chatha, Jammu (J&K), India

Abstract

India is blessed with a number of agroclimatic zones, which are favorable for growing nine oilseed crops. These oilseed crops consist of seven edible oilseeds – groundnut, rapeseed mustard, soybean, sunflower, sesame, safflower, and niger – and two nonedible crops – castor and linseed. India is the largest producer of groundnut and rapeseed-mustard. As a matter of fact, oilseed constitutes the largest agricultural commodity after cereals, sharing 14% of the gross cropped area and accounting for nearly 5% of the gross national product and 10% of the value of all agricultural products. Furthermore, approximately 14 million people are engaged in the production of oilseed crops and another 1 million in the processing of these crops. Despite the fact that India holds the premier position in the world in respect of gross cropped area, its productivity is the lowest. In addition to this, India’s contribution to the world’s annual oilseed production is less than 10% and its per capita availability of oil is 9.2 kg against the world’s average of 11.0 kg, which constitutes 4.8 kg less than the recommended requirement of 14.0 kg as specified by India’s Council of Medical Research. The demand for edible oils is increasing due to India’s burgeoning population, which is now more than 1.25 billion. Demand is presently 13 million tons whereas production is barely around 7.5 million tons. To meet this requirement for edible oil, about 42.24 million tons of oilseed output is required. The productivity of oilseed will have to be increased to the world level, which is more than 1600 kg ha^–1. To meet this challenge, new strategies are required to raise productivity sustainably. These strategies mainly comprise extending irrigation facilities, using important moisture conservation practices such as mulching, timely weed control, seed selection and proper seed rate, time and method of sowing, varietal selection and crop rotation, growing heat and drought-resistant varieties, integrated nutrient management using micronutrients, seed inoculation with Rhizobium culture, and integrated pest management and intercropping.

Keywords

moisture conservation

integrated nutrient management

integrated pest management

Rhizobium culture

Introduction

Among the oilseed crops, soybean is the major contributor to the world’s oilseed economy followed by rapeseed mustard, cotton, peanut, and sunflower. The most important tropical oilseeds are the coconut, palm kernels, and groundnut. The major oilseed-producing areas are in temperate zones. America and Europe together account for more than 60% of the world production of oilseed whereas substantially small production (<5%) comes from tropical areas such as Africa, Malaysia, and Indonesia. Both oilseed and oil production have consistently increased over the years to meet the ever increasing demand for vegetable oils. Among the oilseeds, soybean is the chief oilseed crop. Brassica spp. is the second largest oilseed crop after soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.), surpassing peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.), sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.), and cottonseed (Gossypium hirsutum L.) over the last two decades (FAO, 2010; Agricultural Outlook 2010–19). Palms are grown predominantly in the tropical areas of the world as perennial trees and are an important source of vegetable oil. About two-thirds of the total fat oil production is supplied by oilseeds, with palm oil having a maximum share of 33%. Copra, cotton, palm, peanut, rapeseed, soybean, and sunflower are the oilseed crops, which dominate the international markets for trade purposes.

India has agroecological conditions that favor growing nine oilseed crops (Hegde and Sudhakara Babu, 2000). These oilseed crops consist of seven edible oilseeds – groundnut, rapeseed mustard, soybean, sunflower, sesame, safflower, and niger – and two nonedible sources – castor and linseed. Apart from this, a wide range of other minor oilseeds and oil-bearing tree species are grown in India.

India is, in fact, the largest producer of castor, sesame, safflower, and niger and the second largest producer of groundnut and rapeseed mustard. Oilseed constitutes the second largest agricultural commodity after cereals in the country, sharing 14% ...

Table of contents

• Cover
• Title page
• Table of Contents
• Copyright
• List of Contributors
• Preface
• Chapter 1: Strategies for Increasing the Production of Oilseed on a Sustainable Basis
• Chapter 2: Breeding Oil Crops for Sustainable Production: Heavy Metal Tolerance
• Chapter 3: Brassicas
• Chapter 4: Sunflower
• Chapter 5: Groundnut
• Chapter 6: Sesame
• Chapter 7: Safflower
• Chapter 8: Niger
• Chapter 9: Coconut
• Chapter 10: Oil Palm
• Chapter 11: Olives
• Chapter 12: Soybean
• Chapter 13: Omics – A New Approach to Sustainable Production
• Chapter 14: Forecasting Diseases and Insect Pests for a Value-Added Agroadvisory System
• Chapter 15: Designer Oil Crops
• Chapter 16: Genetic Improvement of Rapeseed Mustard through Induced Mutations
• Chapter 17: Pollination Interventions
• Chapter 18: Breeding Oilseed Crops for Climate Change
• Chapter 19: Possibilities of Sustainable Oil Processing
• Chapter 20: Integrated Pest Management
• Subject Index