Essentials of 3D Biofabrication and Translation

Anthony Atala, James J Yoo

• Publisher: Academic Press
• Year: 2015
• Print ISBN:
  9780128009727
• eBook ISBN:
  9780128010150
• Topic: Biological Sciences
• Subtopic: Biotechnology
• Index: Biological Sciences

Essentials of 3D Biofabrication and Translation discusses the techniques that are making bioprinting a viable alternative in regenerative medicine. The book runs the gamut of topics related to the subject, including hydrogels and polymers, nanotechnology, toxicity testing, and drug screening platforms, also introducing current applications in the cardiac, skeletal, and nervous systems, and organ construction. Leaders in clinical medicine and translational science provide a global perspective of the transformative nature of this field, including the use of cells, biomaterials, and macromolecules to create basic building blocks of tissues and organs, all of which are driving the field of biofabrication to transform regenerative medicine. - Provides a new and versatile method to fabricating living tissue - Discusses future applications for 3D bioprinting technologies, including use in the cardiac, skeletal, and nervous systems, and organ construction - Describes current approaches and future challenges for translational science - Runs the gamut of topics related to the subject, from hydrogels and polymers to nanotechnology, toxicity testing, and drug screening platforms

Chapter 1

Bioprinting Essentials of Cell and Protein Viability

Aleksander Skardal Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA

Abstract

Bioprinting has emerged in recent years as an attractive method for engineering of 3D tissues and organs in the laboratory, which can subsequently be implemented in a number of regenerative medicine applications. Currently, the primary goals of bioprinting are to (1) create complete replacements for damaged tissues in patients and (2) rapidly fabricate small-sized human-based tissue models or organoids for high-throughput diagnostics, pathology modeling, and drug development. Regardless of which of these end applications are targeted, successful biofabrication using bioprinting technology relies on a set of four essential characteristics that must be optimized. In this chapter, we will discuss and evaluate integration of cell sourcing, biomaterial support, bioprinting device compatibility, and postfabrication tissue support, and how these characteristics are mandatory considerations for practical realization of viable and functional tissue engineered organ and organoid structures.

Keywords

bioprinting

biomaterials

biocompatibility

viability

biofabrication

stability

bioink

cells

hydrogel

Chapter Outline

1 An Introduction to Bioprinting 1

1.1 Printing Modalities 2

1.1.1 Inkjet Printing 2

1.1.2 Scaffold-Free Printing 3

1.1.3 Extrusion-Based Deposition 3

1.1.4 Laser-Induced Forward Transfer 3

1.2 Essential Considerations 4

2 Cell Sourcing 4

2.1 Cell Lines 5

2.2 Primary Cells 5

2.3 Stem Cells and Stem Cell-Derived Cells 5

3 Biomaterials and Bioinks 6

3.1 Curable Polymers for Structural Support 6

3.2 Cell-Supportive Soft Materials and Hydrogels 6

3.2.1 Synthetic Polymer Hydrogels 6

3.2.2 Collagen 7

3.2.3 Hyaluronic Acid 7

3.2.4 Gelatin 8

3.2.5 Alginate 8

3.2.6 Fibrin 8

3.3 Biomaterial Features 8

3.3.1 Modulation of Mechanical Properties 8

3.3.2 Biochemical Signal Loading 10

4 Integration with Biofabrication Devices 11

4.1 Pressure and Shear Stress 11

4.2 Temperature 11

4.3 Nutrient Availability 11

5 Maintenance and Maturation of Constructs 11

5.1 Cellular Self-Organization 11

5.2 Mechanical Stimulation 12

6 Conclusions 12

References 14

1. An introduction to bioprinting

Bioprinting has emerged as a flexible tool in regenerative medicine with potential in a variety of applications. Bioprinting is a relatively new field within biotechnology that can be described as a robotic additive biofabrication that has the potential to build or pattern viable organ-like or tissue structures [1]. In general, bioprinting uses a computer-controlled 3D printing device to accurately deposit cells and biomaterials into precise geometries with the goal being the creation of anatomically correct biological structures. Generally, bioprinting devices have the ability to print cell aggregates, cells encapsulated in hydrogels or viscous fluids, or cell-seeded microcarriers – all of which can be referred to as “bioink” – as well...

Table of contents

• Cover
• Title page
• Table of Contents
• Copyright
• Dedication
• List of Contributors
• Preface
• Chapter 1: Bioprinting Essentials of Cell and Protein Viability
• Chapter 2: Software for Biofabrication
• Chapter 3: Design and Quality Control for Translating 3D-Printed Scaffolds
• Chapter 4: Inkjet Bioprinting
• Chapter 5: In Vivo and In Situ Biofabrication by Laser-Assisted Bioprinting
• Chapter 6: Stereolithographic 3D Bioprinting for Biomedical Applications
• Chapter 7: Extrusion Bioprinting
• Chapter 8: Indirect Rapid Prototyping for Tissue Engineering
• Chapter 9: Bioprinting Using Aqueous Two-Phase System
• Chapter 10: Bioprinting of Organs for Toxicology Testing
• Chapter 11: High Throughput Screening with Biofabrication Platforms
• Chapter 12: Biosensor and Bioprinting
• Chapter 13: Polymers for Bioprinting
• Chapter 14: Hydrogels for 3D Bioprinting Applications
• Chapter 15: Bioprinting of Organoids
• Chapter 16: Bioprinting of Three-Dimensional Tissues and Organ Constructs
• Chapter 17: Bioprinting of Bone
• Chapter 18: Bioprinting of Cartilage: Recent Progress on Bioprinting of Cartilage
• Chapter 19: Biofabrication of Vascular Networks
• Chapter 20: Bioprinting of Blood Vessels
• Chapter 21: Bioprinting of Cardiac Tissues
• Chapter 22: Bioprinting of Skin
• Chapter 23: Bioprinting of Nerve
• Chapter 24: Bioprinting: An Industrial Perspective
• Subject Index