Practical and Applied Hydrogeology

Zekâi Şen

• Publisher: Elsevier
• Year: 2014
• Print ISBN: 9780128000755
• eBook ISBN: 9780128005811
• Topic: Physical Sciences
• Subtopic: Geology & Earth Sciences

Applications in Hydrogeology for Geoscientists presents the most recent scientific developments in the field that are accessible yet rigorous enough for industry professionals and academic researchers alike. A multi-contributed reference that features the knowledge and experience of the field's experts, the book's chapters span the full scope of hydrogeology, introducing new approaches and progress in conceptualization, simulation of groundwater flow and transport, and progressive hydro-geophysical methods. Each chapter includes examples of recent developments in hydrogeology, groundwater, and hydrology that are underscored with perspectives regarding the challenges that are facing industry professionals, researchers, and academia. Several sub-themes—including theoretical advances in conceptualization and modeling of hydro-geologic challenges—connect the chapters and weave the topics together holistically. Advances in research are aided by insights arising from observations from both field and laboratory work. - Introduces new approaches and progress in hydrogeology, including conceptualization, simulated groundwater flow and transport, and cutting edge hydro-geophysical methods - Features more than 100 figures, diagrams, and illustrations to highlight major themes and aid in the retention of key concepts - Presents a holistic approach to advances in hydrogeology, from the most recent developments in reservoirs and hydraulics to analytic modeling of transient multi-layer flow and aquifer flow theory - Integrates real life data, examples and processes, making the content practical and immediately implementable

Chapter 1

Water Science Basic Information

Abstract

Water science, in general, is concerned with holistic view of water issues globally including social, engineering, agricultural, domestic, and industrial facets. Hydrology is its part, which deals with distribution, movement, quantity, and quality in nature from point of view of physical and chemical properties. Hydrogeology concentrates on the same issues for subsurface water circulations in different geological formations and abstraction for various human activities. Hydraulics takes into consideration water movement in human made structures. There are basic water science principles and information that provide common bases for all water exploitation, abstraction, consumption, management, quantity, and quality assessments. This chapter provides such basic information by exposing simple methods of rainfall, evaporation, runoff, and infiltration processes in relation to subsurface flow with specification of geological formations as their capacity to store and yield groundwater. Practical and applied solved examples are presented for better understanding of each one of these processes.

Keywords

Evaporation; Geological formations; Groundwater; Hydrogeology; Hydrology; Infiltration; Rainfall; Runoff

Outline

1.1 Hydrology (Water Science) Elements 1

1.2 Hydrologic Cycle 3

1.3 Rainfall 4

1.3.1 Arithmetic Mean Method 7

1.3.2 Thiessen Method 7

1.3.3 Isohyet Method 8

1.4 Evaporation and Evapotranspiration 15

1.4.1 Penman–Monteith Equation 17

1.4.2 Practical Evapotranspiration Calculations 19

1.4.2.1 Priestley–Taylor Method 19

1.4.2.2 Blaney–Criddle Method 20

1.4.2.3 Adjusted-Pan Method 20

1.4.2.4 Meyer Formulation 21

1.4.2.5 Heat Balance 22

1.5 Infiltration 23

1.6 Runoff 31

1.7 Groundwater 33

1.8 Climate Change and Ground Water 33

1.9 Geology and Groundwater 35

1.9.1 Geological Shield and Shelf 36

1.9.2 Quaternary Deposits 36

1.9.2.1 Alluvial Fans 37

1.9.2.2 Alluvial Fills 37

1.9.2.3 Sand Dunes (Eolian Sand) 37

1.9.2.4 Sabkhahs (Playa) 38

1.9.3 Harrats (Basalts) 38

1.10 Groundwater Use in Petroleum 39

References 40

1.1. Hydrology (Water Science) Elements

Hydrology is the science of water occurrence, movement and transport in nature. It gives weight toward the study of water in the Earth and is concerned with local circulations related to the atmosphere, lithosphere, biosphere, and hydrosphere leading to water movement, distribution, quality, and environmental aspects. Broadly, it deals also with the physical as well as chemical relationships. In general, it is concerned with natural events such as rainfall, runoff, drought, flood and runoff, groundwater occurrences, their control, prediction, and management. On the application side, hydrology provides basic laws, equations, algorithms, procedures, and modeling of these ev...

Table of contents

• Cover image
• Title page
• Table of Contents
• Copyright
• Dedication
• Preface
• Chapter 1. Water Science Basic Information
• Chapter 2. Basic Porous Medium Concepts
• Chapter 3. Groundwater Hydraulics and Confined Aquifers
• Chapter 4. Unconfined Aquifers
• Chapter 5. Groundwater Quality
• Chapter 6. Groundwater Management
• Index