IEC 61850-Based Smart Substations

Principles, Testing, Operation and Maintenance

Yubo Yuan, Yi Yang

• Publisher: Academic Press
• Year: 2019
• Print ISBN: 9780128151587
• eBook ISBN: 9780128151594
• Topic: Tecnologia e ingegneria
• Subtopic: Ingegneria elettronica e telecomunicazioni

IEC 61850-Based Smart Substations: Principles, Testing, Operation and Maintenance systematically presents principles, testing approaches, and the operation and maintenance technologies of such substations from the perspective of real-world application. The book consists of chapters that cover a review of IEC 61850 based smart substations, substation configuration technology, principles and testing technologies for the smart substation, process bus, substation level, time setting and synchronization, and cybersecurity. It gives detailed information on testing processes and approaches, operation and maintenance technologies, and insights gained through practical experience.As IEC 61850 based smart substations have played a significant role in smart grids, realizing information sharing and device interoperation, this book provides a timely resource on the topics at hand.- Contributes to the overall understanding of standard IEC 61850, analyzing principles and features- Introduces best practices derived from hundreds of smart substation engineering applications- Summarizes current research and insights gained from practical experience in the testing, operation and maintenance of smart substation projects in China- Gives systematic and detailed information on testing technology- Introduces novel technologies for next-generation substations

Chapter 1

Overview of Smart Substations

Beibei Qi; Yubo Yuan; Yi Yang; Qiangsheng Bu; Jiulin Chen State Grid Jiangsu Electric Power Research Institute, Nanjing, China

Abstract

IEC 61850-based smart substations play a significant role in the smart grid, which is one of the basic platforms to promote a new round of energy revolution and technology innovation. With the development of advanced, reliable, integrated, and environmental-friendly intelligent electronic devices, the smart substations are based on the whole station information digitalization, communication platform networking, and information-sharing standardization. Automatically completing the basic functions of information collection, measurement, control, protection, computation, and monitoring, the smart substations also support advanced functions, such as real-time automatic control of the smart grid, intelligent regulation, online analysis and decision, and interaction with adjacent substations and power dispatching. Therefore, the IEC 61850-based smart substations stand for the technology development trend in the field of transformation section in the smart grid.

Keywords

Smart grid; Smart substation; IEC 61850; Digitalization; Standardization; Advanced functions

Chapter Outline

• 1.1 Basic Concepts of Smart Substations
• 1.2 Characteristics of Smart Substations
• 1.3 Main Technologies of Smart Substations
  • 1.3.1 IEC 61850 Standards
  • 1.3.2 Network Communication Technology
  • 1.3.3 New Sensor Technology
  • 1.3.4 Intelligent Primary Devices
  • 1.3.5 Intelligent Primary Equipment Condition Monitoring
  • 1.3.6 Integrated Information Platform and Advanced Applications
  • 1.3.7 Intelligent Auxiliary Control System
• 1.4 Development Stages of Smart Substations
  • 1.4.1 The First Generation Smart Substations
  • 1.4.2 New Generation Smart Substations
• 1.5 Development Trends of Smart Substations
  • 1.5.1 Highly Integrated Systems
  • 1.5.2 Primary Equipment State-Aware
  • 1.5.3 Secondary Equipment Localization
  • 1.5.4 Intelligent Operation and Maintenance of Secondary Equipment
  • 1.5.5 Substation Data Sharing
• References

A smart grid includes power generation, transmission, transformation, distribution, consumption, and dispatch, among which the transformation section plays a very important role [1]. Smart substations are the cornerstone and significant support of strong smart grids, which bring a number of new technologies and promote a new generation of energy revolution [2]. The smart grid development plan in China indicates the following:

The equipment information and operation maintenance strategies are fully interactive with the power dispatch, and the complete life-cycle optimization management based on real-time status is realized. The pivotal and central substations should be fully constructed or reconstructed into smart substations to achieve unified collection of the network operation data, realizing real-time information sharing, real- time control and intelligent regulation, which supports the safe and stable operation of power grids and various advanced applications.

With the development of sensing measurement technology, information communication technology (ICT), computer technology, and control technology, traditional substations have been developed to intelligent substations gradually. Plenty of smart substations of 110–750 kV voltage levels have been put into commercial operation successively in China [3]. The smart substation realizes online monitoring of the operation status for the primary and secondary equipment in the whole station, which is helpful to enhance the intelligentization and reliability of equipment, improve the efficiency of resource utilization and production management, and make the substation operation more economic, energy efficient, and environment friendly [4].

1.1 Basic Concepts of Smart Substations

The smart grid is a new generation grid that integrates state-of-the-art information and communication technology, computer technology, and existing transmission and distribution infrastructure. It has a number of advantages, such as improving energy efficiency, reducing both the impact on the environment and the power losses of the transmission, and improving the security and reliability of power supply.

The smart substation is proposed along with the concept of the smart grid, which plays an important and crucial role in the smart grid. Adopting advanced, reliable, integrated, low-carbon, and environmental-friendly intelligent devices, smart substations are based on the overall station information digitalization, communication platform networking, and information-sharing standardization. Automatically completing the basic functions of information collection, measurement, control, protection, computation, and monitoring, the smart substations also support advanced functions, such as real-time automatic control of power grids, intelligent regulation, online analysis, and decisions so as to interact with adjacent substations and power dispatching. A digital unified application platform for collecting, transmitting, analyzing, and processing all the information of the entire station was established using advanced sensors, information, communication, control, and artificial intelligence in order to realize the substation’s informatization, automation, and interaction [5].

The smart substation has gone through a continuous development. The information in the traditional substation is usually isolated within the subsystems. With the application of IEC 61850, Communication Networks and Systems in Substations, and the development of a new sensor, communication, information, and control technology, the top priorities of a smart substation are to share information resources, to integrate various applications and primary and secondary status information into a unified information platform by means of a unified communication protocol, and to realize the substation’s informatization, automation, and interaction [6]. With the implementation of advanced applications of the digitalization and networks in substations, the key research points of smart substations are to achieve intelligent primary equipment, station-level protection and control system, self-diagnosis of equipment, intelligent operation and maintenance systems, and intelligent power dispatching technologies. The development direction is to build a smart substation that is safe and reliable in operation, highly integrated in system, rational in structure and layout, equipped with advanced equipment, economical, energy saving, and environment friendly so as to optimize substation technology and equipment and greatly reduce the floor space and significantly improve the safety, reliability, and economy. At this stage, the smart substation adopts advanced technology and equipment and emphasizes the optimization of the structure and function of the system. In order to improve the ability of the smart grid to perceive panoramic information of advanced applications to achieve the goal of automation and interaction, the smart substation takes technical, economic, and management requirements into account to realize the unified collection and processing of tristate data (steady state data, transient data, and dynamic data) [7].

In the future, with the further development and maturation of advanced technologies, smart substations will focus on promoting a technology revolution and demonstrating innovative concepts, including new types of equipment, new types of materials, and emerging technologies. A new generation smart substation is featured by power electronics technology that can achieve rapid and flexible power control. In terms of the performance of the entire power grid, the new generation smart substation with high-capacity, low-loss, and short-circuit-resistant features is built to increase transmission capacity and reduce network losses and short-circuit currents when the power grid fault occurs.

1.2 Characteristics of Smart Substations

As an important node of the smart grid, the smart substation has a number of functions, such as transporting energy, transforming voltage, distributing energy, and controlling power flow. At the same time, the information collection and processing of smart substations are wider, deeper, and more complex than those of conventional substations, which make information exchange and integration more convenient and faster and make control methods more flexible and reliable.

According to high-speed network communication, smart substations realize information sharing and interoperation, measurement and monitoring, control and protection, and information management and intelligent condition monitoring through standardized digital information. Smart substations have the important features of intelligent primary equipment, overall station information digitalization, information-sharing standardization, and advanced application interaction, which are discussed as follows:

1. (1) Information-sharing standardization: The unified standardized information models based on the IEC 61850 standard realize information sharing within and outside the station [8]. The smart substation will unify and simplify the data sources of the substations to form unique and consistent basic information. Through the uniform standard and unified modeling, the smart substation can realize information exchange and sharing in substations, which can make multiple sets of isolated systems in the conventional substation integrate into business applications due to information sharing.
2. (2) Intelligent primary equipment: With the use of electronic transformers and intelligent breakers based on optical or electronic principles, conventional analog signals and control cables have been gradually replaced by digital signals and optical fibers [9]. The input and output of Multi-parameter-based detections (MPDs) are all digital communication signals. The substation communication network further extends to the field, and the on-site sampling data and switch status information can be shared across the overall station or even a wide area, realizing the true smart substation.
3. (3) Overall station information digitalization: The smart substation can control primary and secondary equipment flexibly and communicate bidirectionally. It can be managed through the information network to meet the requirement of information collection, transmission, processing, and digital output processes.
4. (4) Intellige...

Table of contents

• Cover image
• Title page
• Table of Contents
• Copyright
• Contributors
• About the Editors
• Preface
• Acknowledgment
• Chapter 1: Overview of Smart Substations
• Chapter 2: IEC 61850 Standards and Configuration Technology
• Chapter 3: Principles and Test Technology of Electronic Transformers
• Chapter 4: Principle and Testing Technology of Process Bus in Smart Substations
• Chapter 5: Principle and Testing Technology of Station Layers in Smart Substations
• Chapter 6: Time Synchronization Principle and Testing Technology in Smart Substations
• Chapter 7: Cybersecurity Testing Technology in Smart Substations
• Chapter 8: Intelligent Status Monitoring System for Smart Substations
• Chapter 9: Operation and Maintenance Technology of Smart Substations
• Chapter 10: New Generation Smart Substations
• Index