Biopolymer Grafting: Synthesis and Properties presents the latest research and developments in fundamental of synthesis and properties of biopolymer-based graft copolymers. The book presents a broad overview of the biopolymer grafting process, along with trends in the field. It also introduces a range of grafting methods which lead to materials with enhanced properties for a range of practical applications, along with the positives and limitations of these techniques. The book bridges the knowledge gap between the scientific principles and industrial applications of polymer grafting.
This book covers synthesis and characterization of graft-copolymers of plant polysaccharides, functional separation membranes from grafted biopolymers, and polysaccharides in alternative methods for insulin delivery. Recent trends and advances in this area are discussed, assisting materials scientists and researchers in mapping out the future of these new "green" materials through value addition to enhance their use.
- Introduces polymer researchers to a promising, rapidly developing method for modifying naturally derived biopolymers
- Provides a one-stop shop covering synthesis, properties, characterization and graft copolymerization of bio-based polymeric materials
- Increases familiarity with a range of biopolymer grafting processes, enabling materials scientists and engineers to improve material properties and widen the range of potential biopolymer applications
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Synthesis and Characterization of Graft Copolymers of Plant Polysaccharides
Amit Kumar Nayak1, Hriday Bera2, M. Saquib Hasnain3, and Dilipkumar Pal41Seemanta Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Odisha, India2AIMST University, Kedah, Malaysia3Shri Venkateshwara University, Gajraula, India4Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur, India
Abstract
Currently, plant-derived polysaccharides are extensively utilized in various industrial purposes by reason of excellent biodegradability, sustainable production, economical processing cost, and high abundances. But, plant polysaccharides fail to meet some necessary requirements like solubility, colloidal and mechanical properties, degradability, etc. The industrial utility of these can be improved through graft copolymerization. Graft copolymerization of plant polysaccharides facilitates the introduction of functional groups onto the polysaccharide backbone to enhance intrinsic properties like rheological properties, hydrophilicity, polymer charges, molecular chains' aggregation, and complexing capability. By virtue of the favorable intrinsic properties, plant polysaccharide-g-copolymer(s) have been employed as flocculants, decolorizing agents, thickeners, adsorbents, drug delivery carriers, electrical conductors, etc., in industrial fields like chemical engineering, dyeing, biomaterials, drug delivery, foods, agricultural, paper-making, wastewater treatment, etc. The current chapter summarizes previously reported some plant polysaccharide-g-copolymer(s) with a brief description of concept and methods of graft copolymerization following application domains.
The usage of naturally occurring materials is extremely enhanced in almost all spheres of human lives during the past few decades (Lloyd et al., 1998; Hasnain et al., 2010; Pal and Mitra, 2010; Nayak and Pal, 2012; Pal et al., 2012). Currently, synthetic products are being replaced by natural materials due to their excellent biodegradability, sustainable production, low cost, high abundances, etc. (Nayak et al., 2013a,b). Plant polysaccharides are naturally occurring carbohydrate macromolecules, which are extracted from different plant parts like fruits, rhizomes, leaves, pods, seeds, peels, etc. (Nayak and Pal, 2015). They are physicochemically as well as structurally diverse, encompassing a variety of backbones/functional groups (Kaur et al., 2012b; Nayak et al., 2013c; Nayak et al., 2015). Like other natural products, plant polysaccharides also exhibit several advantages (Avachat et al., 2011; Nayak et al., 2012; Pal and Nayak, 2015), which eventually make possible for different industrial uses like food, confectionary, biomedical, pharmaceutical, cosmeceutical, chemical engineering, paper-making, and so on (Nayak and Pal, 2012; Prajapati et al., 2013). However, most of the plant polysaccharides in their native form demonstrate unsatisfactory outcomes due to their uncontrolled rate of hydration, variable aqueous solubility, pH, rheological alterations during storage, pH responsive swelling, possibilities of contaminations by microbial attack, etc. (Nayak and Pal, 2015; Nayak, 2016).
Many research laboratories have made great headway to modify plant polysaccharides chemically by introduction of various functional groups (viz. –COOH, –NH2, –SH, –NH4+Cl−, –SO32−, –OC2H5, –OCH3, –CH
CH2, –C
O(NH2, etc.)) (Wang and Wang, 2013; Thakur and Thakur, 2014, 2015) to inculcate desired functional properties. A wide variety of structural compositions of plant polysaccharides allow appropriately tailoring their structures (Kaur et al., 2012a,b; Manchanda et al., 2014) through various chemical reactions such as cross-linking (Maiti et al., 2011; Sarmah et al., 2011...
Table of contents
Cover image
Title page
Table of Contents
Copyright
Dedication
Contributors
About the Editor
Preface
Chapter 1. Synthesis and Characterization of Graft Copolymers of Plant Polysaccharides
Chapter 2. Functional Separation Membranes From Grafted Biopolymers
Chapter 3. Grafting Derivate From Alginate
Chapter 4. Polysaccharides in Alternative Methods for Insulin Delivery
Chapter 5. Development of Bioactive Paper by Capsaicin Derivative Grafting Onto Cellulose
Chapter 6. Peptide-Based Derivative-Grafted Silica for Molecular Recognition System: Synthesis and Characterization
Chapter 7. Grafting Modification of Chitosan
Chapter 8. Nanopolymers: Graphene and Functionalization
Chapter 9. Cellulose Nanocrystals Functionalization by Grafting
Chapter 10. Bioactive Materials Based on Biopolymers Grafted on Conducting Polymers: Recent Trends in Biomedical Field and Sensing
Chapter 11. Grafting of Polysaccharides: Recent Advances
Chapter 12. Grafted Nanocellulose as an Advanced Smart Biopolymer
Index
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