Liquid-Liquid and Solid-Liquid Extractors

Jean-Paul Duroudier

• Publisher: ISTE Press - Elsevier
• Year: 2016
• Print ISBN: 9781785481789
• eBook ISBN: 9780081017852
• Topic: Technology & Engineering
• Subtopic: Thermodynamics
• Index: Technology & Engineering

Liquid-Liquid and Solid-Liquid Extractors, part of the Industrial Equipment for Chemical Engineering set, presents a concise and easy-to-use book on the calculation of differential liquid–liquid extraction, an investigation of equilibrium and material transfer between a fluid and a divided solid, and the fundamentals of liquid–solid extraction, among other strategies.The author also provides methods needed for the understanding the machinery used in applied thermodynamics in the hopes of encouraging students and engineers to construct the programs they need. Chapters are complemented with appendices which provide additional information and associated references.- Presents reliable and simple methods of extraction and partitioning- Provides a clear analysis on the topic of liquid-liquid and solid-liquid extraction- Includes practical applications that readers can implement and study

1

General Theory of Liquid–Liquid Extractors

Abstract

Processes utilize two different sorts of equipment : successive stages and counter current columns.

Stages are mixer–settlers. Their number is obtained by a graphical method.

As regards columns, if one knows the inlet and outlet conditions of one liquid and inlet condition of the other liquid, a global balance gives the outlet condition of this last liquid.

For an elementary quantity transferred, a calculation gives the elementary height of the column. Summing gives the total height.

The efficiency of a column is expressed by the number of stages equivalent to this column.

Keywords

Aptitude; Axial dispersion; Coalescence; Differential extractors; Feasibility; Flooding; Liquid–Liquid Extractors; Marangoni effect; Mean drop diameter; Mixers-settlers; Slip velocity

1.1 Extraction by successive stages

1.1.1 Feasibility of extraction (study using the ternary diagram)

If we have the ternary diagram available to us, we can determine the quantity of solvent S needed to obtain a given extract and raffinate (linked by a tie line); see Figure 1.1.

Figure 1.1 Liquid-liquid equilibrium

Suppose we have taken the mass of the feed F and its composition (z_T and z_P, where z_T + z_P = 1).

In Figure 1.1, the lines RE and FS intersect at M, where the composition can be read from the diagram (the m_i values). We write that M is the barycenter (center of mass, which gives us the name “system of barycentric coordinates”) of F and S:

${\mathrm{M}}^{*}={\mathrm{F}}^{*}+{\mathrm{S}}^{*}$

so:

$(\mathrm{F}+\mathrm{S})\mathrm{m}=\mathrm{Fz}+\mathrm{Sy}$

m, z, y, x: molar fractions of the chosen compo...

Table of contents

• Cover image
• Title page
• Table of Contents
• Dedication
• Copyright
• Preface
• 1: General Theory of Liquid–Liquid Extractors
• 2: Three Examples of Calculation for a Differential Liquid–Liquid Extractor
• 3: Equilibrium and Material Transfer Between a Fluid and a Divided Solid
• 4: Liquid–Solid Extraction and Washing of a Divided Solid by a Liquid
• Appendix: Characteristics of Typical Packings
• Bibliography
• Index