Heat Exchanger Equipment Field Manual

Common Operating Problems and Practical Solutions

Maurice Stewart,Oran T. Lewis

• Publisher: Gulf Professional Publishing
• Year: 2012
• ISBN:
  9780123973016
• Topic: Technik & Maschinenbau
• Subtopic: Fossile Brennstoffe

From upstream to downstream, heat exchangers are utilized in every stage of the petroleum value stream. An integral piece of equipment, heat exchangers are among the most confusing and problematic pieces of equipment in petroleum processing operations. This is especially true for engineers just entering the field or seasoned engineers that must keep up with the latest methods for in-shop and in-service inspection, repair, alteration and re-rating of equipment. The objective of this book is to provide engineers with sufficient information to make better logical choices in designing and operating the system. Heat Exchanger Equipment Field Manual provides an indispensable means for the determination of possible failures and for the recognition of the optimization potential of the respective heat exchanger.

• Step-by-step procedure on how to design, perform in-shop and in-field inspections and repairs, perform alterations and re-rate equipment
• Select the correct heat transfer equipment for a particular application
• Apply heat transfer principles to design, select and specify heat transfer equipment
• Evaluate the performance of heat transfer equipment and recommend solutions to problems
• Control schemes for typical heat transfer equipment application

Chapter 1

Heat Transfer Theory

Objectives

Understand the role of heat exchangers (HEX) in upstream operations

Be familiar with

What information is required to

Define the service and range of operation

Develop stream properties

Evaluating heat exchanger operation and performance

Principles in heat exchanger design

Basic mechanical standards covering HEX design

ASME Section VIII, Division I—for most exchangers

TEMA, Class “R”—for petroleum processing facilities

API Standards 660, 661, 662, and 632

What TEMA type is appropriate for each type of service

How to handle known design/modification challenges

Know what information is required for heat exchanger design and evaluation

Basic maintenance practices for heat exchangers

This chapter discusses

Basic heat transfer theory

Process heat duty

Heat exchanger nomenclature

Heat exchanger types and configurations

Shell and tube

Double pipe

Multitube hairpin

Plate fin (brazed aluminum)

Plate and frame

Indirect-fired heaters

Direct-fired heaters

Waste heat recovery

Air-cooled exchangers

Cooling towers

What Is a Heat Exchanger?

Device built for efficient heat transfer from one medium to another, whether the media are

Separated by a wall so they never mix or

In direct contact

Widely used in both upstream and downstream facilities

May be classified according to their flow arrangement

Cocurrent flow (parallel flow)

Two fluids enter the exchanger at the same end and travel parallel to one another to the other side

Countercurrent (counterflow)

Two fluids enter the exchanger from opposite ends

Commonly Used Types of Heat Exchangers

Shell and tube

Consist of a bundle of tubes and a shell

One fluid that needs to be heated or cooled flows through the tubes and the second fluid runs over the tubes that provides the heat or absorbs the heat required

Plate

Composed of multiple, thin, slightly separated plates that have very large surface areas relative to size for heat transf...