Secondary Xylem Biology

Origins, Functions, and Applications

Yoon Soo Kim, Ryo Funada, AdyaP Singh, Adya, P, Singh

• Publisher: Academic Press
• Year: 2016
• Print ISBN:
  9780128021859
• eBook ISBN:
  9780128025291
• Topic: Biological Sciences
• Subtopic: Botany
• Index: Biological Sciences

Secondary Xylem Biology: Origins, Functions, and Applications provides readers with many lenses from which to understand the whole scope and breadth of secondary xylem. The book builds on a basic comprehension of xylem structure and development before delving into other important issues such as fungal and bacterial degradation and biofuel conversion. Chapters are written by recognized experts who have in-depth knowledge of their specific areas of expertise. It is a single information source containing high quality content, information, and knowledge related to the understanding of biology in woody plants and their applications. - Offers an in-depth understanding of biology in woody plants - Includes topics such as abiotic stresses on secondary xylem formation, fungal degradation of cell walls, and secondary xylem for bioconversion - Progresses from basic details of wood structure, to dynamics of wood formation, to degradation

Part I

Development of Secondary Xylem

Chapter 1: The Vascular Cambium of Trees and its Involvement in Defining Xylem Anatomy

Chapter 2: Xylogenesis in Trees: From Cambial Cell Division to Cell Death

Chapter 3: Xylogenesis and Moisture Stress

Chapter 4: Abiotic Stresses on Secondary Xylem Formation

Chapter 5: Flexure Wood: Mechanical Stress Induced Secondary Xylem Formation

Chapter 6: Reaction Wood

Chapter 1

The Vascular Cambium of Trees and its Involvement in Defining Xylem Anatomy

Uwe Schmitt^*

Gerald Koch^*

Dieter Eckstein^**

Jeong-Wook Seo^**†

Peter Prislan^‡

Jožica Gričar^§

Katarina Čufar^‡

Horst Stobbe^¶

Risto Jalkanen^††
* Thünen Institute of Wood Research, Leuschnerstr, Hamburg, Germany
^** Centre of Wood Sciences, University of Hamburg, Leuschnerstr, Hamburg, Germany
^† Department of Wood and Paper, Chungbuk National University, Naesudong-ro, Seowon-gu Cheongju, Chungbuk, South Korea
^‡ Department of Wood Science and Technology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Rozna dolina, Ljubljana, Slovenia
^§ Department of Forest Yield and Silviculture, Slovenian Forestry Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
^¶ Institute of Arboriculture, Brookkehre Hamburg, Germany
^†† Management and Production of Renewable Resources, Natural Resources Institute Finland, Rovaniemi, Finland

Abstract

The vascular cambium of trees is a secondary meristem and is responsible for the formation of the xylem and phloem. The main focus of this chapter is on the xylem, specifically on the following three topics, demonstrating that the cambium is not only responsible for the quantitative side of xylem formation, but also for the expression of stable anatomical features essential for wood identification. In this complex process, we first describe the seasonal cambial activity and its environmental control. Second, we discuss the cambium’s involvement in the restoration of tissues after injuries. Third, we examine the cambium-dependent shaping of taxa-specific wood anatomical characteristics. The results are mainly based on light microscopy; however, electron microscopy was also occasionally used to reveal structural features on the cellular level.

Keywords

vascular cambium

seasonal activity

mechanical injury

lateral callus

surface callus

xylem anatomy

storied xylem

rays

tile cells

sheath cells

Chapter Outline

Introduction and Outline 3

Seasonal Variation of Cambial Activity 4

Mechanical Injury of the Cambium and its Restoration 8

Microscopic Xylem Features Defined by the Cambium 13

Macroscopically Visible Storied Structures 14

Microscopically Visible Storied Structures 15

Width and Size of Rays 18

Special Cell Typ...

Table of contents

• Cover
• Title page
• Table of Contents
• Copyright
• Contributors
• Preface
• Part I: Development of Secondary Xylem
• Part II: Function and Pathogen Resistance of Secondary Xylem
• Part III: Economic Application of Secondary Xylem
• Part IV: Advanced Techniques for Studying Secondary Xylem
• Index