Fossil Fuel Emissions Control Technologies

Stationary Heat and Power Systems

Bruce G. Miller

• Publisher: Butterworth-Heinemann
• Year: 2015
• Print ISBN: 9780128015667
• eBook ISBN: 9780128017494
• Topic: Technology & Engineering
• Subtopic: Environmental Management
• Index: Technology & Engineering

An expert guide to emission control technologies and applications, Fossil Fuels Emissions Control Technologies provides engineers with a guide to link emission control strategies to available technologies, allowing them to choose the technology that best suits their individual need. This includes reduction technologies for Nitrogen Oxides, Sulfur Oxides, Mercury and Acid Gases. In this reference, the author explains the most critical control technologies and their application to real-world regulatory compliance issues. Numerous diagrams and examples emphasizing pollution formation mechanisms, key points in pollutant control, and design techniques are also included.- Provides numerous diagrams and examples to emphasize pollution formation mechanisms- Coverage of critical control technologies and their application to real-world solutions- Explains Sulfur Oxides, Acid Gases, Nitrogen Oxides Formation and Organic HAPs, Control and Reduction Technologies- Covers Particulate Matter and Mercury Emissions Formation and Reduction Technologies

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Introduction

It has been shown that fossil fuels are a major source of energy worldwide and in the U.S., a trend that will continue for many years. A major portion of fossil fuels usage is for stationary heat and power generation, nearly all of which require some form of pollution control. Of these fuels, coal is the primary source for power generation, followed by natural gas with a very small amount of petroleum-based fuels. This chapter provides information on emissions control technologies for stationary heat and power systems, giving background on energy usage in the United States, fossil fuel usage in boilers and combustion turbines for heat and power production, characteristics and composition of fossil fuels, specifically coal, liquid fuels (petroleum products), and gaseous fuels (primarily natural gas), and the types of emissions from fossil fuel-fired systems.

Keywords

Fossil fuels; fossil fuel emissions; pollution control; emissions control; stationary heat and power system

1.1 Organization of this book

Fossil fuels historically have supplied most of the world’s energy and will continue to do so for many decades. Experts predict that petroleum, coal, and natural gas will remain the primary energy sources because they are abundant, inexpensive relative to renewables, and familiar to the user. Today’s share of fossil fuels in the global mix, approximately 82% on an equivalent energy basis, is the same level as it was 25 years ago. According to the International Energy Agency (IEA), the rise in renewable energy sources only reduces this to around 75% in 2035 [1]. Similar predictions by the U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) indicate that liquid fuels, natural gas, and coal still supply more than 75% of total world consumption in 2040 as shown in Figure 1.1 [2].

Figure 1.1 World energy consumption by fuel type in quadrillion (10¹⁵) Btu, 1990–2040.

According to EIA, petroleum and other liquid fuels remain the largest source of energy but their share of the world marketed energy consumption declines from 34% in 2010 to 28% in 2040. Liquids consumpti...

Table of contents

• Cover image
• Title page
• Table of Contents
• Copyright
• Dedication
• Preface
• 1. Introduction
• 2. Federal regulations and impact on emissions
• 3. Particulate formation and control technologies
• 4. Sulfur oxides formation and control
• 5. Nitrogen oxides formation and control
• 6. Mercury emissions reduction
• 7. Formation and control of acid gases, and organic and inorganic hazardous air pollutants
• 8. Greenhouse gas – carbon dioxide emissions reduction technologies
• Appendix A. Regional definitions
• Appendix B. Fossil fuel-fired emission factors
• Appendix C. Original list of hazardous air pollutants
• Index