Earthquake-Resistant Structures

Design, Build, and Retrofit

Mohiuddin Ali Khan

• Publisher: Butterworth-Heinemann
• Year: 2013
• eBook ISBN: 9780080949444
• Topic: Technology & Engineering
• Subtopic: Civil Engineering
• Index: Technology & Engineering

Earthquake engineering is the ultimate challenge for structural engineers. Even if natural phenomena involve great uncertainties, structural engineers need to design buildings, bridges, and dams capable of resisting the destructive forces produced by them. These disasters have created a new awareness about the disaster preparedness and mitigation. Before a building, utility system, or transportation structure is built, engineers spend a great deal of time analyzing those structures to make sure they will perform reliably under seismic and other loads. The purpose of this book is to provide structural engineers with tools and information to improve current building and bridge design and construction practices and enhance their sustainability during and after seismic events. In this book, Khan explains the latest theory, design applications and Code Provisions. Earthquake-Resistant Structures features seismic design and retrofitting techniques for low and high raise buildings, single and multi-span bridges, dams and nuclear facilities. The author also compares and contrasts various seismic resistant techniques in USA, Russia, Japan, Turkey, India, China, New Zealand, and Pakistan.- Written by a world renowned author and educator- Seismic design and retrofitting techniques for all structures- Tools improve current building and bridge designs- Latest methods for building earthquake-resistant structures- Combines physical and geophysical science with structural engineering

Part One

Introduction to Seismology and Seismic Engineering

Chapter One Modern Earthquake Engineering

Chapter Two Seismology and Earthquake Effects for Engineers

Chapter Three Seismic Response of Structures to Liquefaction

Chapter One

Modern Earthquake Engineering

An Overview

Chapter Outline

1.1 Introduction and Review of Literature

1.2 The Basics of Earthquakes

1.3 The Most Destructive Earthquakes on Record

1.4 Is Seismic Activity Increasing?

1.5 Some Seismological History

1.6 Measurement of Earthquake Intensity and Magnitude

1.7 Seismic Instrumentation

1.8 Comprehensive Seismic Study

1.9 Applications of Seismic Design Codes

1.10 The Role of the U.S. Geological Survey

1.11 Conclusions on the State of Art

Selected Bibliography

Come forth into the light of things Let nature be your teacher

An English Poet

1.1 Introduction and Review of Literature

Nature teaches us about the earthquake location and the zone and intensity to expect. Over the last 50 years much progress has been made in earthquake engineering that will save lives, infrastructure, and homes. As the old saying goes, “Necessity is the mother of invention.” Seismic-resistant design is not a single subject but a combination of diverse scientific disciplines, and the state of the art is advancing yearly. A book like this one is required just to broadly review new procedures and to cover the field’s salient features. These are addressed in the chapters that follow.

A review of scientific literature on the subject can be made by glancing at the research papers being published in relevant structural engineering journals, conference proceedings, text books on related subjects, university theses, students project dissertations, seismic design codes and the continued publications by the management and scientific agencies. The available technical information is generally supported by dynamic analysis theory, computer software and laboratory studies on structural components or shake tables testing of typical prototype models.

The bibliography at the end of the chapter includes important code references such as:

American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO, 1991), Specifications for Highway Bridges, Division1-A (AASHTO, 1996), Standard Specifications for Highway Bridges, 16th ed.; (AASHTO, 1998), Load Resistance Factor Design Specifications for Highway Bridges (AASHTO, 2007), LRFD Specifications for the Design of Bridges. In addition, American National Standards Institute/American Institute of Steel Construction (ANSI/AISC, 2005), Seismic Provisions for Structural Steel Buildings, #341-05.

ANSI (2005), Prequalified Connections for Special and Intermediate Steel Moment Frames for Seismic Applications, #358-05. American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) 2010. #07-2010;

Applied Technology Council (ATC, 1996), Improved Seismic Design Criteria for California Bridges Provisional Recommendations, ATC-32.

Publications of major scientific agencies are listed in the Bibliography such as Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA, 2006), Designing for Earthquakes, Providing Protection to People and Buildings, A Manual for Architects, Risk Management Series #454; FEMA/National Earthquake Hazard Reduction Program (NEHRP, 2000), Recommended Provisions for Seismic Regulations for New Buildings and Other Structures, #368/369. (NEHRP) Recommended Provisions for Seismic Regulations for New Buildings and Other Structures, Part 2 Commentary, #450, 2003; (NEHRP, 2003). Recommended Provisions: Design Examples, #451;

(NEHRP). Earthquake-Resistant Design Concepts: An Introduction to the NEHRP Recommended Seismic Provisions for New Buildings and Other Structures, #P-749, 2009; Federal Highway Agency (FHWA) 1987, Seismic Design and Retrofit Manual for Highway Bridges.

Seismic Retrofitting Manual for Highway Bridges (FHWA, 2000).

National Seismological Teachers Association/FEMA 2012. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 102,2; National Fire Protection Association (NFPA, 2006); Building Construction and Safety Code.

Structural Engineers Association of California (SEAOC, 1999). Seismology Committee Recommended Lateral Force Requirements and Commentary.

In addition, useful newer publications by the following authors are included in the Selected Bibliography:

Agarwal and Shrikhande (2006), Berlin (1980), Coffman and von Hake (1982), Duggal (2007)

Saadeghvaziri et al. (2001), Spence, Sipkin, and Choy (1989) of U.S. Geological Survey, Stratta (1987) and Wakabayashi (1986)

References to other useful publications are addressed in the text in this chapter and in the chapters which follow.

Management agencies such as U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), the National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program (NEHRP), the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), the California Transportation Agency (Caltrans), the Multidisciplinary Center for Earthquake Engineering Research (MCEER), and the Earthquake Engineering Research Institute (EERI), along with universities and individuals, play an important role in research, in developing design methods such as performance-based seismic engineering, and in developing policies for resisting earthquakes. The work and funding by these organizations and individuals have aided the development of state and regional earthquake design codes, as well as those that have been by many countries around the world. Indeed, USGS hazard maps are used on a global basis and International Building Code (IBC) and American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) design specifications are generally referred to in international publications.

In recent years, advances in seismology and soil science have influenced structural concepts and design guidelines, resulting in corresponding code changes. There have been many innovations, such as seismic hazard analysis, geotechnical site response and liquefaction, soil–structure interaction, structural response, structural design and retrofit, short- and long-ter...

Table of contents

• Cover image
• Title page
• Table of Contents
• Copyright
• Preface
• Acknowledgement
• Part One: Introduction to Seismology and Seismic Engineering
• Part Two: Earthquake Disasters: Pre- and Post-Earthquake Engineering
• Part Three: Structural Design and Retrofit
• Part Four: Solved Examples for Seismic Analysis and Design Addressed in the Text Book Chapters
• Glossary
• Index