Essentials of Coordination Chemistry

A Simplified Approach with 3D Visuals

Vasishta Bhatt

• Publisher: Academic Press
• Year: 2015
• Print ISBN: 9780128038956
• eBook ISBN: 9780128039373
• Topic: Technology & Engineering
• Subtopic: Chemistry
• Index: Chemistry

Essentials of Coordination Chemistry: A Simplified Approach with 3D Visuals provides an accessible overview of this key, foundational topic in inorganic chemistry. Thoroughly illustrated within the book and supplemented by online 3D images and videos in full color, this valuable resource covers basic fundamentals before exploring more advanced topics of interest.The work begins with an introduction to the structure, properties, and syntheses of ligands with metal centers, before discussing the variety of isomerism exhibited by coordination compounds, such as structural, geometrical and optical isomerism. As thermodynamics and kinetics provide a gateway to synthesis and reactivity of coordination compounds, the book then describes the determination of stability constants and composition of complexes. Building upon those principles, the resource then explains a wide variety of nucleophilic substitution reactions exhibited by both octahedral and square planar complexes. Finally, the book discusses metal carbonyls and nitrosyls, special classes of compounds that can stabilize zero or even negative formal oxidation states of metal ions. Highlighting preparations, properties, and structures, the text explores the unique type of Metal-Ligand bonding which enable many interesting applications of these compounds.Thoughtfully organized for academic use, Essentials of Coordination Chemistry: A Simplified Approach with 3D Visuals encourages interactive learning. Advanced undergraduate and graduate students, as well as researchers requiring a full overview and visual understanding of coordination chemistry, will find this book invaluable.- Includes valuable visual content through 3D images and videos in full color, available online- Provides a valuable introduction to the study of organic and inorganic ligands with metal centers- Discusses advanced topics including metal carbonyls and nitrosyls

Chapter 1

Basic Coordination Chemistry

Abstract

This chapter serves as a reviser for the advanced learner of coordination chemistry. Attempts have been made to review the evolution of the coordination chemistry along with a brief introduction of the established principles of coordination chemistry. The chapter includes systematic naming of the metal complexes, relationships between coordination numbers and geometry and various theories of bonding in complexes and magnetic behaviour. Catalytic applications of certain transition metal complexes are also briefly discussed.

Keywords

Chelate; Complex; Grubb's catalyst; Ligand; Ligand field theory; Magnetism; Spectrochemical series; Suzuki reaction

Contents

1. Introduction 1

1.1 Definitions 3

2. Nomenclature 9

2.1 For Writing the Coordination Formula 9

2.2 For Writing the Names 10

3. Theories of Bonding in Coordination Compounds 12

4. Geometries of Complexes with Different Coordination Numbers 13

5. Crystal Field Theory 20

5.1 Ligand Field Theory (LFT) 20

6. Splitting of d-Orbitals in Fields of Different Geometry 20

6.1 Ligand Field Stabilization Energy (LFSE) 23

6.1.1 Tetragonal Distortions in an Octahedral Field 24

6.1.2 The Molecular Orbital Theory 24

7. Magnetism 27

7.1 Diamagnetism 28

7.2 Paramagnetism 28

7.3 Ferromagnetism and Antiferromagnetism 28

7.4 The Spectrochemical Series 30

8. Catalytic Properties 31

9. Exercises 34

9.1 Multiple Choice Questions 34

9.2 Short/Long Answer Questions 34

Suggested Further Readings 35

References 35

1. Introduction

The coordination compounds found their applications long before the establishment of coordination chemistry. Bright red coloured alizarin dyes were under applications even before the fifteenth century. This bright red dye, now characterized as a chelated complex of hydroxyanthraquinone with calcium and aluminium metal ions, is shown in Figure 1.

Later, in the sixteenth century, the formation of a well-known member of today's coordination chemistry family, the tetraamminecupric ion [Cu(NH₃)₄]⁺², was recorded upon contact between brass alloy and ammonium chloride. Addition of Prussian blue Fe₄[Fe(CN)₆]₃·xH₂O increased the use of coordination compounds in dyes and pigments. A platinum complex K₂[PtCl₆] offered an application for the refinement of platinum metal. Thus, before the coordination chemistry was structured, the coordination compounds, complexes and chelates found their applications.

Figure 1 Structure of alizarin dye.

A systematic investigation of structure and bonding in coordination chemistry began with the inquisitiveness of Tassaert (1798), which was extended by distinguished chemists like Wilhelm Blomstrand, Jorgensen and Alfred Werner [1] until the end of the nineteenth century. In the events, Werner's coordination theory (1893) became the base of the modern coordination chemistry. It is worth noting that t...

Table of contents

• Cover image
• Title page
• Table of Contents
• Copyright
• Dedication
• Preface
• Acknowledgements
• Chapter 1. Basic Coordination Chemistry
• Chapter 2. Basic Concepts of Symmetry and Group Theory
• Chapter 3. Isomerism in Coordination Complexes
• Chapter 4. Thermodynamics and Kinetics of Complex Formation
• Chapter 5. Reactions in Octahedral Complexes
• Chapter 6. Reactions in Square Planar Complexes
• Chapter 7. Basic Organometallic Chemistry
• Chapter 8. Metal Carbonyls
• Chapter 9. Metal Nitrosyls
• Index