The Dictionary of Virology

Brian W.J. Mahy

• Publisher: Academic Press
• Year: 2009
• eBook ISBN: 9780080920368
• Edition: 4
• Topic: Biological Sciences
• Subtopic: Microbiology
• Index: Biological Sciences

Completely revised and updated to take into account the new taxonomy and grouping changes made by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses in their 8th Report, The Dictionary of Virology provides an authoritative and concise list of all viruses affecting vertebrate species, from humans to fish. - Includes the new viruses of medical or veterinary importance that have emerged since 2001, such as the new human coronaviruses, SARS and NL63 and a new subtype of influenza (H1N2) - Includes new terms in virology - Extensive cross-referencing and illustrative tables further enhance the use of this book

C

C1q complement protein The first component of the classical complement pathway, the first line of defense against viruses. Human C1q binds directly to certain viruses, and this result in activation of the complement system and neutralization of the virus by virolysis (damage to the virion envelope).

C2 The second component of complement.

C211 cells (CCL 123) A cell line derived from a skin biopsy obtained from a 11-year-old Caucasian male with Cri du Chat syndrome. The cell line has a partial deletion of the short arm of chromosome 4.

C3 complement protein The third component of complement which can directly activate the alternative pathway, and can cause opsonization of an antigen. Reacts fourth in the hemolytic complement activation sequence, and is the most abundant of the complement proteins.

C3a complement protein A biologically active fragment of C3, which is an anaphylatoxin.

C4 complement protein The fourth component of complement which actually reacts second in the hemolytic complement activation sequence.

C5 complement protein The fifth component of complement. Activated by C5 convertase, which splits off a small fragment, C5a, leaving C5b, the remainder of the molecule, which forms a complex with C6, C7, C8, and C9 known as the membrane attack complex that has an affinity for cell membranes and mediates immune cytolysis and hemolysis.

C5a complement protein A 74 residue peptide derived from C5 by tryptic cleavage. A chemotactic factor and anaphylatoxin.

C6/36 cells A line of insect cells derived from the mosquito, Aedes albopictus. Supports the growth of many arboviruses, including dengue virus.
Barth OM (1992) Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 87, 565

CA protein The capsid protein (p24) of HIV which forms the viral core enclosing the genome and enzymes required for infectivity.

Cabassou virus (CABV) A species in the genus Alphavirus, antigenically related to Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus. No association with human disease.

Cacao virus (CACV) A strain of Chilibre virus in the genus Phlebovirus, in the Chilibre antigenic complex of the sandfly fever group. Isolated from Lutzomyia sp in Panama. Not reported to cause disease in humans.

Cache Valley virus (CVV) A strain of Bunyamwera virus in the genus Orthobunyavirus. Isolated in N Dakota, Maryland, Virginia and Indiana, USA, and in Jamaica. Mosquito-borne. Antibodies are found in humans, monkeys, horses, cattle, deer, and wild rodents. Can cause disease in humans, but as laboratories rarely test for it, the true incidence is unknown.
Blackmore CGM and Grimstad PR (1998) Am J Trop Med Hyg 59, 704
Campbell GL et al (2006) Emerg Infect Dis 12, 854
Inverson JO et al (1979) Can J Microbiol 25, 760

Cacipacore virus (CPCV) A species in the genus Flavivirus, in the Japanese encephalitis group, with no known vector. Isolated from the blackfaced antbird, Formicarius analis, in Para, Brazil.
Batista WC et al (2001) Virus Res 75, 35

CaCo2 cell line A continuous human colon adenocarcinoma cell line derived from a 72-year-old Caucasian male. Can be used for isolation and growth of human astroviruses.
Willcocks MM et al (1990) Arch Virol 113, 73

Caddo Canyon virus (CDCV) An unassigned, ungrouped member of the Bunyaviridae family. Isolated from the tick, Ixodes baergi, in Caddo canyon, Oklahoma, USA.

caesium chloride density gradient centrifugation Method for separating molecules or viruses according to their density. Sedimentation ceases when the molecules reach the position in the gradient that is the same as their own buoyant density, termed ‘the isopycnic point.’

Caimito virus (CAIV) A tentative species in the genus Phlebovirus, antigenically unrelated to other members of the genus. Isolated from the fan fly, Lutzomyia lephilator, in central Panama. Not reported to cause human disease.

Cajazeira virus (CAJV) An unclassified virus isolated from the viscera of bats of undetermined species in the Amazon region of Brazil.

Calabazo virus (CALV) A species in the genus Hantavirus. Isolated from cane mice, Zygodontomys brevicauda, in Panama. Not so far associated with human disease.
Vincent MJ et al (2000) Virology 277, 14

Calchaqui virus (CQIV) A tentative species in the genus Vesiculovirus. Isolated from mosquitoes, Aedeomyia squamipennis, in Argentina.
Calisher CH et al (1987) Am J Trop Med Hyg 36, 114

calf diarrhea virus See neonatal calf diarrhea coronavirus, bovine rotavirus, and bovine noroviruses.

calf lymph vaccine When vaccination against smallpox began in the 1880s, it was produced on the skin of calves,...

Table of contents

• Cover image
• Title page
• Table of Contents
• Copyright page
• Preface to the Fourth Edition
• A
• B
• C
• D
• E
• F
• G
• H
• I
• J
• K
• L
• M
• N
• O
• P
• Q
• R
• S
• T
• U
• V
• W
• X
• Y
• Z
• Appendix
• Abbreviations