The Role of Products of the Histocompatibility Gene Complex in Immune Responses

David H. Katz, Baruj Benacerraf

• Publisher: Academic Press
• Year: 2014
• Print ISBN:
  9780124016606
• eBook ISBN:
  9781483273440
• Topic: Mathematics
• Subtopic: Geometry
• Index: Mathematics

The Role of Products of the Histocompatibility Gene Complex in Immune Responses documents the proceedings of a conference held on 3-7 November 1975, which brought together an international group of scientists spanning three independent disciplines—genetics and immunogenetics, molecular biochemistry, and immunobiology—with clinical medicine overlapping these disciplines. This volume contains 42 papers organized according to the eight sessions held at the conference. The papers in Session I examined the genetics of the major histocompatibility complex. Session II presented studies on the biology of mixed lymphocyte interactions and cell-mediated cytotoxicity reactions. Session III discussed immune response gene systems while Session IV dealt with the genetic control of cell interactions. The papers in Session V covered idiotypic determinants on T cell receptors. Session VI investigated the properties of histocompatibility gene products involved in regulation of immune responses. Session VII focused on the biochemistry and immunocytology of cell surface products of the major histocompatibility complex. Finally, Session VIII discussed interrelationships between products of the major histocompatibility complex and their relevance to disease.

SESSION III

IMMUNE RESPONSE (Ir) GENE SYSTEMS

Outline

Chapter 18: THE NATURE AND FUNCTION OF SPECIFIC H-LINKED IMMUNE RESPONSE GENES AND IMMUNE SUPPRESSION GENES

Chapter 19: FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS OF Ia ANTIGENS IN RELATION TO GENETIC CONTROL OF THE IMMUNE RESPONSE

Chapter 20: H-2 LINKED IMMUNE RESPONSE GENES: MULTIPLICITY AND FUNCTIONAL COMPLEMENTATION

Chapter 21: H-3-LINKED UNRESPONSIVENESS TO EA-1 AND H-13 ANTIGENS

Chapter 22: IMMUNE RESPONSES OF MICE AGAINST MODIFIED RANDOM POLYMERS OF AMINO ACIDS, AND IMPLICATIONS IN GENE CONTROL

Chapter 23: A POSSIBLE FUNCTION FOR PRODUCTS OF THE MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX IN HUMORAL IMMUNITY

Chapter 24: IMMUNE RESPONSE (Ir) GENE SYSTEMS

Chapter 25: COMMENTARY

THE NATURE AND FUNCTION OF SPECIFIC H-LINKED IMMUNE RESPONSE GENES AND IMMUNE SUPPRESSION GENES

BARUJ BENACERRAF and MARTIN DORF, Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School

Publisher Summary

This chapter describes the nature and function of specific H-linked immune response genes and immune suppression genes. The activities of histocompatibility (H)-linked Ir genes have become a problem of increasing interest for immunologists, particularly as the mapping of these genes has been localized to a chromosomal region, the I region, which also controls other important traits such as cell interaction in the regulation of immune responses, mixed lymphocyte, and graft-versus-host responses and expression of a new class of alloantigens, Ia antigens, on the surface of B cells, T cells, and macrophages. The increasing awareness of the role of these genes in the control of responsiveness to thymus-dependent antigens and the demonstration from several laboratories of the production of factors from activated T cells possessing determinants coded for in the same I region have further emphasized the importance of understanding the function of Ir genes and their products.

THE ACTIVITIES OF COMPLEMENTING HISTOCOMPATIBILITY-LINKED Ir GENES IN THE CONTROL OF IMMUNE RESPONSES TO SYNTHETIC ANTIGENS

The recognition of most antigens as immunogens by individual animals and inbred strains is governed by the products of dominant immune response (Ir) genes located in the genome linked to the major histocompatibility complex (1–3). This has now been verified in rodents (4–6), birds (7) and primates (8, 9). These genes have been termed histocompatibility or H-linked Ir genes. The presence of the relevant genes permit immune responses to be formed, characterized by cellular immunity and antibody synthesis against the determinants on the antigens concerned. Three types of antigens have been most useful in the identification of H-linked Ir genes: 1) synthetic polypeptides with limited structural heterogeneity; 2) alloantigens which differ slightly from their autologous counterparts; and 3) complex multi-determinant antigens administered in limiting immunizing doses in conditions where presumably only the most immunogenic determinants are recognized. All of these antigens share also an important characteristic: they are thymus-dependent antigens. To date, no H-linked Ir gene control has been observed of a thymus-independent response, which may have considerable significance when an analysis is made of the processes controlled by H-linked Ir genes. Such simple genetic control of specific immune responses has been totally unexpected for immunologists, considering the complexity of immune phenomena and the enormous range of specificities against which antibodies can be formed. These observations provide, therefore, both a challenge to the classical theory of the recognition of immunological specificity solely by pre-existing immunoglobulin receptors on immunocompetent cells, as well as powerful tools to analyze the complex interactions between antigens and the various cell types (macrophages, B and T cells) concerned ...

Table of contents

• Cover image
• Title page
• Table of Contents
• ACADEMIC PRESS RAPID MANUSCRIPT REPRODUCTION
• Copyright
• Participants
• Preface
• PHOTOGRAPHS OF PARTICIPANTS
• SESSION I: GENETICS OF THE MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX
• SESSION II: THE BIOLOGY OF MIXED LYMPHOCYTE INTERACTIONS AND CELL-MEDIATED CYTOTOXICITY .REACTIONS
• SESSION III: IMMUNE RESPONSE (Ir) GENE SYSTEMS
• SESSION IV: GENETIC CONTROL OF CELL INTERACTIONS
• SESSION V: IDIOTYPIC DETERMINANTS ON T CELL RECEPTORS
• SESSION VI: PROPERTIES OF HISTOCOMPATIBILITY GENE PRODUCTS INVOLVED IN REGULATION OF IMMUNE RESPONSES
• SESSION VII: BIOCHEMISTRY AND IMMUNOCYTOLOGY OF CELL SURFACE PRODUCTS OF THE MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX
• SESSION III: INTERRELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN PRODUCTS OF THE MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX AND THEIR RELEVANCE TO DISEASE