Smart Sensors Networks

Communication Technologies and Intelligent Applications

Fatos Xhafa, Fang-Yie Leu, Li-Ling Hung

• Publisher: Academic Press
• Year: 2017
• Print ISBN:
  9780128098592
• eBook ISBN:
  9780128098653
• Topic: Computer Science
• Subtopic: Computer Science General
• Index: Computer Science

Smart Sensors Networks: Communication Technologies and Intelligent Applications explores the latest sensor and sensor networks techniques and applications, showing how networked wireless sensors are used to monitor and gather intelligence from our surrounding environment. It provides a systematic look at the unique characteristics of wireless sensor networks through their usage in a broad range of areas, including healthcare for the elderly, energy consumption, industrial automation, intelligent transportation systems, smart homes and cities, and more. The book shows how sensor-networks work and how they are applied to monitor our surrounding environment. It explores the most important aspects of modern sensors technologies, providing insights on the newest technologies and the systems needed to operate them. Readers will find the book to be an entry point for understanding the fundamental differences between the various sensor technologies and their use in for different scenarios. Indexing: The books of this series are submitted to EI-Compendex and SCOPUS - Presents numerous specific use-cases throughout, showing practical applications of concepts - Contains contributions from leading experts around the globe - Collects, in one place, the latest thinking on an emerging topic - Addresses the security and privacy issues inherent in sensor deployment

Part 1

IoT and Network Communication Systems

Outline

Chapter 1. IoT Technologies: State of the Art and a Software Development Framework

Chapter 2. Increasing Effective Transmissions Using Smart Antenna Systems

Chapter 3. A DTN-Based Multi-hop Network for Disaster Information Transmission

Chapter 4. Intelligent Energy Management for Environmental Monitoring Systems

Chapter 1

IoT Technologies: State of the Art and a Software Development Framework

Takahiro Inui^⁎; Masaki Kohana^⁎; Shusuke Okamoto^⁎; Masaru Kamada^{† ⁎}Seikei University, Japan
^†Ibaraki University, Japan

Abstract

The Internet of Things is a new structure of internetworking, on which things in our daily life are connected to the Internet to collect and exchange data. This chapter introduces the current status of the Internet of Things that includes some examples of applications, standardization trends, and basic technologies. Some security risks are discussed. The chapter also proposes a software framework for development of the Internet of Things, and discusses the importance of timer accuracy under periodic processing.

Keywords

IoT; Embedded device; Standardization; Security; Linux; Operating system; Software framework

Acronyms and Glossary

List of acronyms with explanation

AI Artificial Intelligence

API Application Programming Interface

ARM Acorn RISC Machine

BLE Bluetooth Low Energy

CFS Completely Fair Scheduler

CIA Confidentiality, Integrity, Availability

CPU Central Processing Unit

FIFO Firts-In, First-Out

GPIO General Purpose Input/Output

GUI Graphical User Interface

HEMS Home Energy Management System

ICS Industrial Control System

IoT Internet of Things

LED Light-Emitting Diode

OTA Over The Air

RISC Reduce Instruction Set Computing

SoC System on a Chip

Glossary of terms with explanation

Bluetooth a wireless technology for short distance.

GTK+ a library to build graphical user interface.

Raspberry Pi a tiny computer provided by Raspberry PI Foundation.

Wi-Fi a technology that allows devices to connect to wireless networks.

1.1 Introduction

Internet-connected devices such as smart phones and embedded devices other than personal computers have attracted much attention recently. Especially, small objects with a CPU, memory, sensors, and an Ethernet interface have a great potential to change our IT society. The internetworking of these devices is called Internet of Things (IoT). Data collected by IoT devices can be shared with other systems via the Internet, and they can be analyzed in real time. With their embedded technology and low energy requirements, IoT devices are expected to improve our IT experiences in the near future as they continue to make our daily life more comfortable. Recently, some studies and books are published to try to introduce early stage of personal and enterprise IoT usability (Dominique Guinard, 2016; Balani, 2016; Greengard, 2015; Familiar, 2015; Jaokar, 2015; Sula et al., 2014). However, we must bear in mind the security risks associated with them. Hijacking IoT devices or planting undesired devices can lead to invisible threats. It is important to build safe and appropriate technologies for IoT (Hu, 2016). The aim of this chapter is to give readers a proper understanding of IoT devices, the necessary technologies and its standards, as well as to present our approach in developing an IoT software.

1.2 Current Status of IoT

In this section, we will summarize the current status of IoT devices. They help improve lives and society, and are used in public facilities, factories, and homes. We will also describe standardization initiatives to introduce the technology aspect of IoT devices. Several companies have attempted to establish a unified standard and have also organized themselves into groups. After the discussion about standardizations, we will describe the associated technologies, such as communication technologies, power consumption, and productivity.

1.2.1 Example of IoT Devices

There are already a number of IoT devices targeted at home users. For example, iRobot Corporation is selling “Roomba 980,” (iRobot Corporation) which is a home cleaning robot. It is equipped with sensors such as tracking sensors and a camera. It cleans a room autonomously without help from any person. To improve time efficiency and power consumption, Roomba 980 creates a map of the room during a cleaning task. It is designed not to go through the same place twice. This cleaning robot is equipped with a Wi-Fi module. Using a dedicated application, a user can connect to the robot and make it start cleaning from the outside of the house.

Koninklijke Philips N.V. is selling an LED lighting device named “hue,” (PHILIPS) which is a type of IoT device. It is equipped with a Wi-Fi module, and, with a dedicated application, it allows users to invoke various control operations such as turning on/off the light, moving the direction of light, and setting the timer schedule. It can also turn on the light according to the command coming from outside of the house to prevent a crime. Hue links up with a GPS. It can turn on the light automatically when a user returns to his/her house. The IFTTT (IFTTT) (a web service that links a product to some application) can change the color of the lighting by sending an email to the web server.

The third example is a smart lock, which is sold by several companies. This is designed to perform locking and unlocking operations on a door; the user needs to only place his/her own authorized device such as a smart phone close to the door to perform the operations. It uses wireless protocols such as Bluetooth and Wi-Fi to communicate. It restricts access and checks the locking of the door via the Internet.

These three examples make our life convenient and comfortable by using an Internet-connected device. Next, we will introduce three use cases of IoT devices at public spaces.

The first one is a service that lets users know the congestion situation of a toilet space (Fanbright). A wireless magnet sensor is attached to a toilet door. It checks whether the toilet is vacant or occupied, and sends the information to a web server. The server shows a web page that indicates the status of the toilet space. This service is suitable for stations, office buildings, and shopping malls as it allows people to find a vacant toilet smoothly.

The second one is a bus arrival information board that was introduced in Kyoto city (Suzuki). It uses a device with...

Table of contents

• Cover image
• Title page
• Table of Contents
• Copyright
• Contributors
• About the Editors
• Foreword
• Preface
• Acknowledgments
• Part 1: IoT and Network Communication Systems
• Chapter 1: IoT Technologies: State of the Art and a Software Development Framework
• Chapter 2: Increasing Effective Transmissions Using Smart Antenna Systems
• Chapter 3: A DTN-Based Multi-hop Network for Disaster Information Transmission
• Chapter 4: Intelligent Energy Management for Environmental Monitoring Systems
• Part 2: Data Streaming, Processing, and Analysis
• Chapter 5: Smart Sensor Data Stream Delivery Technologies
• Chapter 6: Scalable Processing of Massive Traffic Datasets
• Chapter 7: Bounded Error Data Compression and Aggregation in Wireless Sensor Networks
• Chapter 8: Application of Data Analysis in Wellness and Health Sensor Network Environment
• Part 3: Healthcare Applications
• Chapter 9: Electronic Health System: Sensors Emerging and Intelligent Technology Approach
• Chapter 10: Fall Detection and Motion Classification by Using Decision Tree on Mobile Phone
• Chapter 11: Approaching Hardware Solutions for Massive E-Health Sensor Data Analysis
• Chapter 12: A Method for Estimating Stress and Relaxed States Using a Pulse Sensor for QOL Visualization
• Part 4: Living Lab – Everyday Activities
• Chapter 13: Proximity-Based Service: An Advanced Way of Extending Human Proximity Awareness
• Chapter 14: WiFi Tracking of Pedestrian Behavior
• Chapter 15: The Life Management Platform Achieves Data Protection and Safe Sharing
• Index