Active Power Line Conditioners

Design, Simulation and Implementation for Improving Power Quality

Patricio Salmeron Revuelta, Salvador Pérez Litrán, Jaime Prieto Thomas

• Publisher: Academic Press
• Year: 2015
• Print ISBN:
  9780128032169
• eBook ISBN:
  9780128032176
• Topic: Technology & Engineering
• Subtopic: Electrical Engineering & Telecommunications
• Index: Technology & Engineering

Active Power Line Conditioners: Design, Simulation and Implementation for Improving Power Quality presents a rigorous theoretical and practical approach to active power line conditioners, one of the subjects of most interest in the field of power quality. Its broad approach offers a journey that will allow power engineering professionals, researchers, and graduate students to learn more about the latest landmarks on the different APLC configurations for load active compensation. By introducing the issues and equipment needs that arise when correcting the lack of power quality in power grids, this book helps define power terms according to the IEEE Standard 1459. Detailed chapters discuss instantaneous reactive power theory and the theoretical framework that enabled the practical development of APLCs, in both its original and modified formulations, along with other proposals. Different APLCs configurations for load compensation are explored, including shunt APF, series APF, hybrid APF, and shunt combined with series APF, also known as UPQC. The book includes simulation examples carefully developed and ready for download from the book's companion website, along with different case studies where real APLCs have been developed. Finally, the new paradigm brought by the emergence of distribution systems with dispersed generation, such as the use of small power units based on gas technology or renewable energy sources, is discussed in a chapter where mitigation technologies are addressed in a distributed environment. - Combines the development of theories, control strategies, and the most widespread practical implementations of active power line conditioners, along with the most recent new approaches - Details updated and practical content on periodic disturbances mitigation technologies with special emphasis on distributed generation systems - Includes over 28 practical simulation examples in Matlab-Simulink which are available for download at the book's companion website, with 4 reproducible case studies from real APLCs

1

Introduction to Power Quality from Power Conditioning

Abstract

This chapter begins with an introduction to the concept of power quality, which has developed into a discipline that defines the reference parameters for assessing the suitability of the waveforms of voltage and current of an electrical system, so allowing compatible operation of all equipment that constitutes that system. Different standards set limits on the allowed disturbances of voltage and current source. Some disturbances that occur in an electrical network are due to the presence of nonlinear loads. A model based on the equivalent Norton of a load is presented, in order to develop a theoretical analysis of the system when this load type is present. Furthermore, an update of compensation equipment configurations most common in the technical literature is given, including active power filters. This equipment has proven effective in the dynamic compensation of nonlinear loads.

Keywords

power quality

shunt active power filter

series active power filter

hybrid active power filter

unified power quality conditioner

Chapter Outline

1.1 Introduction 2

1.2 Power Quality 2

1.2.1 Voltage Disturbances 3

1.2.1.1 Frequency Variations 4

1.2.1.2 Slow Voltage Variations 4

1.2.1.3 Voltage Fluctuations 5

1.2.1.4 Voltage Sags or Dips and Short Interruptions 6

1.2.1.5 Voltage Imbalances 7

1.2.1.6 Harmonic Voltage 7

1.2.2 Harmonics 8

1.3 Nonlinear Loads Model 10

1.4 Active Power Line Conditioners 14

1.4.1 Shunt Active Power Filters 14

1.4.2 Series Active Filters 15

1.4.3 Hybrid Active Filters 16

1.4.4 Unified Power Quality Conditioners 17

1.5 Summary 18

References 18

This chapter introduces the general objectives of this book. To do this, it begins with an introduction to the concept of power quality, which has become a discipline for defining the reference parameters for assessing the suitability of the waveforms of voltage and current of an electrical system. This allows to achieve compatible operation of all equipment that constitute it. This makes it possible to set limits on the disturbances in the voltage and current source which are reflected in the different standards.

An important source of the disturbances that occur in an electrical network is the presence of nonlinear loads. A model based on the Norton equivalent of a load is presented, in order to develop a theoretical analysis of the system when this load type is included.

Furthermore, an update of compensation equipment configurations most common in the technical literature that includes active power filters is also performed. This type of equipment has proven to be effective in the dynamic compensation of nonlinear loads. Different topologies are presented as an introduction. The following chapters will analyze these in depth, and will also introduce some control strategies that allow the quality of electrical power to be improved.

1.1. Introduction

In recent decades, the concept of power quality (PQ) has become more important within the field of electrical engineering, such t...

Table of contents

• Cover
• Title page
• Table of Contents
• Dedication
• Copyright
• Preface
• About the Authors
• 1: Introduction to Power Quality from Power Conditioning
• 2: Electrical Power Terms in the IEEE Std 1459 Framework
• 3: Instantaneous Reactive Power Theory
• 4: Shunt Active Power Filters
• 5: Series Active Power Filters
• 6: Hybrid Filters: Series Active Power Filters and Shunt Passive Filters
• 7: Combined Shunt and Series Active Power Filters
• 8: Distributed Generation
• Appendix I: Simulink Schemes
• Appendix II: Experimental Implementations
• Index